Diseases and Treatment: VI. Deficiency, Non-Contagious and Other Diseases Part-I

Total Questions: 100

21. What is the correct sequence of the following in a heart attack? [I.A.S. (Pre) 1994]

Narrowing of the inner orifice of the vessel.
'Plaque' from fibrous tissue and high cholesterol.
Inadequate supply of blood and oxygen.
Clots of blood carried into the coronary arteries.

Code:

Code	Options
(a)	1, 2, 3, 4
(b)	2, 4, 1, 3
(c)	2, 3, 1, 4
(d)	4, 2, 1, 3

(a) 1, 2, 3, 4
(b) 2, 4, 1, 3
(c) 2, 3, 1, 4
(d) 4, 2, 1, 3

Correct Answer: (b) 2, 4, 1, 3

Solution:During a heart attack, an internal way of blood vessels gets narrow due to a collection of cholesterol and rashes upon fibrous tissue, and the reaching of blood clots makes the passage narrower so the body gets less supply of oxygen and blood. The cause of a heart attack may be obesity, hypertension, smoking, and oily or fatty foods.

22. In medical terminology 'Golden Hour' is related with - [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014]

(a) Terminal stage of cancer
(b) Pregnancy is detected
(c) Heart Attack
(d) Actual Child Birth

Correct Answer: (c) Heart Attack

Solution:Golden hour is the critical one-hour period from the onset of a heart attack. Most of the deaths occur during this period if not treated properly.

23. Beta-blocker is a medicine to save from - [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014]

(a) Heart attack
(b) Enlargement of prostate gland
(c) Chronic diabetes
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer: (a) Heart attack

Solution:Beta-blockers, also known as beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents, are drugs that are prescribed to treat various conditions, including hypertension (high blood pressure), angina, some abnormal heart rhythms, and heart attack.

24. Which of the following is essential to regulate the heartbeat? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2008, U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Mains) 2004, Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2003]

(a) Sodium
(b) Sulphur
(c) Potassium
(d) Iron

Correct Answer: (c) Potassium

Solution:Potassium (K) plays a role in every heartbeat. It helps trigger the heart to squeeze blood through the body. It also helps muscles to move, nerves to work, and kidneys to filter blood. Phosphorus is good for bone development, whereas iron deficiency leads to anemia.

25. Which one among these is related to the deficiency of potassium? [U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl.) (Pre) 2003]

(a) Damage of kidney, muscle paralysis
(b) Low blood pressure
(c) Anaemia
(d) Joint pain and blurry vision

Correct Answer: (b) Low blood pressure

Solution:Lack of potassium in the body causes low blood pressure. Potassium is a mineral whose major sources include flesh, milk, cereals, fruits, and vegetables.

26. If albumin is releasing with urine, then the failure of which organ may occur? [U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 1998]

(a) Liver
(b) Kidney
(c) Heart
(d) Spleen

Correct Answer: (b) Kidney

Solution:In urine, there are about 91-96% water, about 2% unuseful salt ions, about 2.6% urea, about 0.3% creatinine, and very small amounts of uric acid and other waste matter. The presence of albumin (a protein found in blood plasma) increases the chance of kidney failure.

27. Which organ of the body is affected most on keeping fast for a long time? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013]

(a) Heart
(b) Intestine
(c) Lung
(d) Kidney

Correct Answer: (d) Kidney

Solution:The kidneys are affected most on keeping fast for a long time.

28. In the modern days, nuclear medicines play a vital role in Medical Science, they are exactly - [U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 1998]

(a) They are drugs
(b) They are infusion of herbs
(c) They are radioisotopes
(d) They are chlorofluorocarbon

Correct Answer: (c) They are radioisotopes

Solution:In modern days, nuclear medicine plays a vital role in the field of medical science. This branch uses radioactive isotopes/radiations to provide information about the functioning of a person's specific organ or to treat diseases.

29. Match List-I and List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below: [U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2003]

List I (Radioisotope)	List II (Diagnostic use)
A. Arsenic -74	1. Activity of thyroid gland
B. Cobalt - 60	2. Blood disorder
C. Iodine - 131	3. Tumour
D. Sodium - 24	4. Cancer

Code:

Code	A	B	C	D
(a)	1	2	3	4
(b)	4	3	1	2
(c)	3	4	1	2
(d)	4	3	2	1

Correct Answer: (c)

Solution:Correctly Matched Lists:

Arsenic-74: Tumour
Cobalt-60: Cancer
Iodine-131: Activity of thyroid gland
Sodium-24: Blood disorder

30. Which one is not correctly matched? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010]

(a) Cobalt 60 - treatment of body’s internal neoplasm
(b) Iodine 131 - treatment of thyroid neoplasm
(c) Phosphorus 32 - treatment of leukaemia
(d) Gold 198 - treatment of retinal disorders

Correct Answer: (d) Gold 198 - treatment of retinal disorders

Solution:Gold-198 (radioactive isotope) is used in the treatment of cancer. Other pairs are correctly matched.

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