Diseases and Treatment: VI. Deficiency, Non-Contagious and Other Diseases Part-I

71. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below: [U.P.P.C.S (Pre) 2010]

List-I (Disease)	List-II (Cause)
A. Marasmus	1. Prolonged Starvation
B. Kwashiorkor	2. Protein Deficiency
C. T.B.	3. Bacterial Infection
D. Hepatitis B	4. Viral Infection

Code:

Code	A	B	C	D
(a)	1	2	3	4
(b)	2	1	3	4
(c)	4	2	3	1
(d)	2	4	1	3

Correct Answer: (a)

Solution:Prolonged starvation causes marasmus. Kwashiorkor is a disease caused by continued deficiency of proteins in diet. T.B. and Hepatitis B is caused by bacterial and viral infection respectively.

72. The disease caused by deficiency of protein in children is— [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]

(a) Marasmus
(b) Pellagra
(c) Beri-beri
(d) Rickets

Correct Answer: (a) Marasmus

Solution:The liver stores glycogen for energy between meals. If meals are delayed, the body consumes fat reserves and proteins, leading to starvation. Prolonged starvation results in Marasmus, characterized by severe wasting, weak muscles, depressed eyes, and wrinkled skin.

73. Which one of the following pairs matches one another? [Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2005]

(a) Cataract - Thyroid gland
(b) Jaundice - Liver
(c) Typhoid - Lungs
(d) Pneumonia - Eyes

Correct Answer: (b) Jaundice - Liver

Solution:Cataract - Eye

Jaundice - Liver

Typhoid - Intestine

Pneumonia - Lungs

74. Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996]

(a) Pneumonia - Lungs
(b) Cataract - Thyroid gland
(c) Jaundice - Eye
(d) Diabetes - Liver

Correct Answer: (a) Pneumonia - Lungs

Solution:Correctly Matched Pairs:

Pneumonia: Lungs
Cataract: Eye
Jaundice: Liver
Diabetes: Metabolism

75. Astigmatism is a disease of the: [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004]

(a) Ears
(b) Eyes
(c) Nose
(d) Throat

Correct Answer: (b) Eyes

Solution:Astigmatism is a common eye condition causing blurred or distorted vision due to an irregularly shaped cornea or lens. It is part of refractive errors, including myopia and hypermetropia.

76. Myopia is the disorder of which organ? [M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]

(a) Heart
(b) Ear
(c) Eye
(d) Kidney

Correct Answer: (c) Eye

Solution:Myopia (near-sightedness) occurs when light focuses in front of the retina, making distant objects blurry while nearby objects are clear. Symptoms may include headaches and eye strain.

77. Myopia or short sightedness is corrected by: [U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2003]

(a) Use of convex lens
(b) Use of concave lens
(c) Use of plain concave lens
(d) Use of plain convex lens

Correct Answer: (b) Use of concave lens

Solution:Myopia is corrected using a concave lens, which helps focus light properly on the retina by reducing the converging power of the eye lens.

78. A person with vision defect ‘Myopia’ can see— [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2015]

(a) Nearby objects clearly
(b) Distant objects clearly
(c) Nearby as well as distant objects clearly
(d) Neither nearby nor distant objects clearly

Correct Answer: (a) Nearby objects clearly

Solution:Myopia allows clear vision of nearby objects, but distant objects appear blurred. It can be corrected using concave or divergent lenses.

79. The person suffering from far-sightedness faces difficulties in— [Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2003]

(a) To see distant objects clearly
(b) To see close objects clearly
(c) To see both close and distant object clearly
(d) None of these

Correct Answer: (b) To see close objects clearly

Solution:Hypermetropia or far-sightedness or long-sightedness is a vision defect in which the image of nearer objects is blurred due to its being formed beyond retina due to eyeball being short or lens being flattened. It is corrected by wearing (spectacles with) convex or convergent lenses.

80. In which part of the eye are 'blind spot' and 'yellow spot' found? [U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Mains) 2008]

(a) Cornea
(b) Lens
(c) Iris
(d) Retina

Correct Answer: (d) Retina

Solution:Blind spot and yellow spot are both found in the retina. The blind spot (optic disc) is where the optic nerve and blood vessels enter and exit the eyeball and lacks visual cells. The yellow spot or macula lutea is the site of image formation, and its central area, called the fovea centralis, has the highest density of cone cells, providing the sharpest vision.