Ecology

Total Questions: 88

61. "Ecological is permanent economy" is the slogan of which movement? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007]

Correct Answer: (c) Chipko Movement
Solution:"Ecology is permanent economy" is the slogan of Chipko Movement. 'Narmada Bachao Andolan' was against the construction of a multi-modal dam on the Narmada river. 'Appiko Movement' was started in Karnataka for  environmental protection.

The name of the movement 'chipko' comes from the word 'embrace', as the villagers hugged the trees and encircled them to prevent being hacked. By hugging they gave a clear message that "We, our nature and us, are One".It was a non-violent agitation to protect nature.

Its biggest victory was making people aware of their rights to forests, and how grassroots activism can influence policy-making regarding ecology and shared natural resources. It led to a ban on
commercial felling of trees above 30 degrees slope and above 1,000 msl (mean sea level) in 1981.

62. Chipko movement is related to: [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015]

Correct Answer: (a) Plant conservation
Solution:The Chipko movement was a forest conservation movement in India started in 1973. Gaura Devi (1974) gathered other women around her village in the Garhwal Himalayas and prevented loggers from felling trees by sticking to the trees. This act by illiterate tribal and village women to reclaim their traditional forest rights was a dramatic moment known as Chipko Andolan' , a non-violent struggle that gave birth to the modern Indian environmental movement.

63. The measurement unit of the ecological footprint is : [U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2016]

Correct Answer: (a) Global hectares
Solution:The ecological footprint is a measure of human demand on the Earth's ecosystems. It's a standardized measure of demand for natural resource that may be compared with the planet's ecological capacity to regenerate. It can be defined as the biologically productive area required to provide for everything people need to sustain their life. It includes fruits, vegetables, wood, fibres, fossil fuel use and also the release of carbon dioxide. Its unit is Global hectares.

64. The minimum area of the land required to completely sustain the life of the person is called his - [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2012]

Correct Answer: (b) Ecological footprint
Solution:The ecological footprint is a measure of human demand on the Earth's ecosystems. It's a standardized measure of demand for natural resource that may be compared with the planet's ecological capacity to regenerate. It can be defined as the biologically productive area required to provide for everything people need to sustain their life. It includes fruits, vegetables, wood, fibres, fossil fuel use and also the release of carbon dioxide. Its unit is Global hectares.

65. Which one of the following statements best describes the term 'Social Cost of Carbon'? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2020]

It is a measure, in monetary value, of the :

Correct Answer: (a) long-term damage done by a tonne of CO2 emissions in a given year.
Solution:Social Cost of Carbon is a measure, in monetary value, of the long-term damage done by a tonne of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission in a given year. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) and other US agencies use estimates of the social cost of carbon to evaluate the climate impacts of rule making.

66. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment describes the following major categories of ecosystem services-provisioning, supporting, regulating, preserving and cultural. Which one of the following is supporting service? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2012]

Correct Answer: (c) Nutrient cycling and crop pollination
Solution:According to the World Development Report, 2010, the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment describes the following five major categories of ecosystems services: Provisioning Services

Regulating Services

Supporting Services

Cultural Services

Preserving Services Supporting services are those that are necessary for the production of all other ecosystem services. They differ from provisioning, regulating, and cultural services in that their impacts on people are either indirect or occur over a very long time. For example: Soil formation and retention, nutrient cycling, crop pollination, water cycling etc. 'Production of food and water' is considered under Provisioning Services, while 'Control of climate and disease' is a Regulating Service. 'Maintenance of diversity is a Preserving service.

67. Which one of the following trees is not eco-friendly? [U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2011]

Correct Answer: (b) Eucalyptus
Solution:Eucalyptus consumes more ground water than other trees. That is why it often called 'enemy of the environment'. The water level goes down across the area of Eucalyptus plantation.

It is a large genus of more than 660 species of shrubs and tall trees of the myrtle family (Myrtaceae). Some of the tallest trees in the world are eucalypti. It is native to Australia, Tasmania, and nearby islands. In Australia, the eucalypti are commonly known as gum trees or stringybark trees. Many species are cultivated widely in many areas of the world as shade trees or in forestry plantations.

Features:

  • It has a gum-infused bark, long stems, and circular leaves that are hard to digest if eaten whole.
  • Small flowers grow on eucalyptus trees. They come in many colors, including white, yellow, and shades of red.
  • Eucalypti also have small woody capsules. Inside the capsules are seeds.

Eucalyptus tereticornis and Eucalyptus hybrid are the two most widely planted eucalypts in India. It is widely grown in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujrat, Haryana, Mysore, Kerala, and in the Nilgiri Hill. It grows well in deep, fertile, well-drained loamy soil with adequate moisture.

68. Which one of the following trees is not eco-friendly? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2022]

Correct Answer: (a) Eucalyptus
Solution:Eucalyptus consumes more ground water than other trees. That is why it often called 'enemy of the environment'. The water level goes down across the area of Eucalyptus plantation.

It is a large genus of more than 660 species of shrubs and tall trees of the myrtle family (Myrtaceae). Some of the tallest trees in the world are eucalypti. It is native to Australia, Tasmania, and nearby islands. In Australia, the eucalypti are commonly known as gum trees or stringybark trees. Many species are cultivated widely in many areas of the world as shade trees or in forestry plantations.

Features:

  • It has a gum-infused bark, long stems, and circular leaves that are hard to digest if eaten whole.
  • Small flowers grow on eucalyptus trees. They come in many colors, including white, yellow, and shades of red.
  • Eucalypti also have small woody capsules. Inside the capsules are seeds.

Eucalyptus tereticornis and Eucalyptus hybrid are the two most widely planted eucalypts in India. It is widely grown in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujrat, Haryana, Mysore, Kerala, and in the Nilgiri Hill. It grows well in deep, fertile, well-drained loamy soil with adequate moisture.

69. Which one of the following trees is considered to be an environmental hazard? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2005]

Correct Answer: (d) Eucalyptus
Solution:Eucalyptus consumes more ground water than other trees. That is why it often called 'enemy of the environment'. The water level goes down across the area of Eucalyptus plantation.

It is a large genus of more than 660 species of shrubs and tall trees of the myrtle family (Myrtaceae). Some of the tallest trees in the world are eucalypti. It is native to Australia, Tasmania, and nearby islands. In Australia, the eucalypti are commonly known as gum trees or stringybark trees. Many species are cultivated widely in many areas of the world as shade trees or in forestry plantations.

Features:

  • It has a gum-infused bark, long stems, and circular leaves that are hard to digest if eaten whole.
  • Small flowers grow on eucalyptus trees. They come in many colors, including white, yellow, and shades of red.
  • Eucalypti also have small woody capsules. Inside the capsules are seeds.

Eucalyptus tereticornis and Eucalyptus hybrid are the two most widely planted eucalypts in India. It is widely grown in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujrat, Haryana, Mysore, Kerala, and in the Nilgiri Hill. It grows well in deep, fertile, well-drained loamy soil with adequate moisture.

70. The example of "Lentic Habitat" in the freshwater community is : [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]

Correct Answer: (a) Ponds and swamps
Solution:A lentic ecosystem entails a body of standing water, ranging from ditches, seeps, ponds, seasonal pools, basin marshes and lakes. Deeper waters, such as lakes, may have layers of ecosystems, influenced by light. Ponds, due to their having more light penetration, are able to support a diverse range of water plants.

The term lentic (from the Latin lentus, meaning slow or motionless), refers to standing waters such as lakes and ponds (lacustrine), or swamps and marshes (paludal). Lotic (from the Latin lotus, meaning washing), refers to running water (fluvial or fluviatile) habitats such as rivers and streams