ENDOCRINE GLAND

11. The sigmoid colon is a part of— [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 4.09.2016 (Shift-II)]

(a) Small Intestine
(b) Large Intestine
(c) Pharynx
(d) Rectum

Correct Answer: (b) Large Intestine

Solution:The large intestine is divided into several sections: the cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum. The sigmoid colon is the S-shaped segment that connects the descending colon to the rectum.

12. Which of the following glands is a source of the enzyme Ptyalin? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 23.01.2017 (Shift-III)]

(a) Pancreas
(b) Thyroid Gland
(c) Pituitary Gland
(d) Salivary Gland

Correct Answer: (d) Salivary Gland

Solution:Ptyalin, also known as salivary amylase, is an enzyme found in saliva, which is secreted by the salivary glands. Its primary function is to begin the digestion of starches in the mouth.

13. Which of the following hormone is secreted by brain that helps to regulate sleep-wake cycles? [S.S.C. Online C.H.S.L. (T-I) 05.08.2021 (Shift-I)]

(a) Aldosterone
(b) Melatonin
(c) Oxytocin
(d) Insulin

Correct Answer: (b) Melatonin

Solution:Melatonin is a hormone produced primarily by the pineal gland, which is located in the brain. Its secretion is influenced by light and darkness, playing a crucial role in regulating the body's circadian rhythm (sleep-wake cycles).

14. How many parathyroid glands are present on the back side of the thyroid gland in humans? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 13.01.2020 (Shift-II)]

(a) Four
(b) Five
(c) Six
(d) Three

Correct Answer: (a) Four

Solution:In most humans, there are four small parathyroid glands, typically located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland in the neck. These glands are vital for regulating calcium levels in the blood through the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH).

15. Which organ does detoxify and produces chemicals needed for digestion? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 1.02.2017 (Shift-II)]

(a) Salivary glands
(b) Liver
(c) Thyroid gland
(d) Pancreas

Correct Answer: (b) Liver

Solution:The liver is a central organ for detoxification, filtering harmful substances from the blood. It also produces bile, a fluid essential for the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine.

16. Bile is produced by which of the following gland? [S.S.C. Online C.P.O.S.I. (T-I) 1.01.2017 (Shift-II)]

(a) Liver
(b) Kidney
(c) Gall bladder
(d) Spleen

Correct Answer: (a) Liver

Solution:Liver, the largest gland in the human body secretes bile juice that is stored in a sac-like structure called the gallbladder. The bile helps in the digestion of fats.

17. Which of the following is secreted by the liver? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 22.01.2017 (Shift-II)]

(a) Glucose
(b) Iodine
(c) Cortisol
(d) Bile

Correct Answer: (d) Bile

Solution:The liver secretes bile, which aids in fat digestion. While the liver is involved in glucose metabolism and various other functions, bile is a direct secretion for digestive purposes.

18. Melatonin encodes proteins in cells to prevent entry. [S.S.C. Online CGL (T-I) 17.08.2021 (Shift-II)]

(a) Protozoan
(b) Virus
(c) Fungus
(d) Bacterium

Correct Answer: (b) Virus

Solution:According to a new study, melatonin synthesized in the lungs could act as a barrier against SARS CoV-2, preventing expression of genes that encode proteins in cells such as resident macrophages in the nose and pulmonary alveoli and epithelial cells lining the alveoli, all of which are entry points for the virus. The hormone, therefore, would prevent infection of these cells by the virus and inhibit the immune response so that SARS-CoV-2 remains in the respiratory tract for a few days, eventually leaving to find another host.

19. Which of the following glands is present between the lungs? [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 3.03.2020 (Shift-II)]

(a) Pituitary
(b) Hypothalamus
(c) Thymus
(d) Pineal

Correct Answer: (c) Thymus

Solution:The thymus gland is located behind our sternum and between our lungs. The pituitary gland is called the master gland. It is located in the brain, between the hypothalamus and the pineal gland. The hypothalamus is located in the brain, between the pituitary gland and thalamus.

20. The thymus gland produces a hormone called— [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 10.09.2016 (Shift-I)]

(a) Thyroxine
(b) Thymosin
(c) Thyronine
(d) Calcitonin

Correct Answer: (b) Thymosin

Solution:The thymus is a specialized primary lymphoid organ of the immune system. Thymosin hormones are typically produced by the thymus gland and trigger the creation of T-cells, which are used by the immune system to fight disease. The thymus gland is only active until puberty beyond which it starts gradually degenerating with age.