Environment and Sustainable Development

Total Questions: 95

81. Which country introduced the Green Army for Environment conservation? [M.P.C.S.(Pre) 2014]

(a) Japan
(b) China
(c) Australia
(d) Egypt

Correct Answer: (c) Australia

Solution:The Green Army is a six-month programme for 17-24-year- old youths in Australia to train and work for the environment. Green Army projects include restoring native vegetation, heritage restoration, protecting animal habitats and regenerating wetlands in urban, rural and remote areas. The Green Army Programme closed on 30 June 2018.

82. During the mid 80's decade of twentieth century, the negative aspects of development were discussed at large. Which one among the following was NOT such important? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2020]

(a) Degradation of natural resources
(b) Environment pollution
(c) Politics and Development
(d) Displacement and Rehabilitation of masses

Correct Answer: (c) Politics and Development

Solution:During the mid 80's decade of twentieth century, Degradation of natural resources, Environment pollution and Displacement and Rehabilitation of Masses were the negative aspects of development, discussed at large, but Politics and Development was not such important.

83. Plachimada which has been in the news for immense damage to its environment lies in - [U.P. Lower Sub.(Spl.)(Pre) 2009]

(a) Karnataka
(b) Konkan
(c) Kerala
(d) Tamil Nadu

Correct Answer: (c) Kerala

Solution:Plachimada is a small village in Palakkad district of Kerala. It is situated in Chittur block's Perumatty Panchayat of the district. In 2000, this Panchayat gave license to the Hindustan Coca-Cola Beverages Private Limited (HCCBPL) to manufacture Coca-Cola (Coke) and other products viz. Fanta, Limca, Thums Up, Sprite, Kinley, etc. But very soon due to the contamination of groundwater in that locality by the chemical waste discharged by the company, local people started a small-scale protest against the company. Later, this protest was supported by the Panchayat authorities. In the long run, with national as well as international support to this protest against a multinational company (MNC), this movement became an icon of other such movements worldwide

84. Greenwash refers to [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2017]

(a) Promoting Jhum agriculture
(b) Cleaning of river water
(c) Removing greenery
(d) Making false promises of protecting the environment

Correct Answer: (d) Making false promises of protecting the environment

Solution:Greenwashing is the practice of making an unsubstantiated or misleading claim about the environmental benefit of a product, service technology or company practice. Greenwashing can make a company appear to be more environment friendly than it really is.

Greenwashing is the process of conveying a false impression or providing misleading information about how a company's products are more environmentally sound. Greenwashing is considered an unsubstantiated claim to deceive consumers into believing that a company's products are environmentally friendly. In addition, greenwashing may occur when a company attempts to emphasize sustainable aspects of a product to overshadow the company's involvement in environmentally damaging practices.

Companies can also greenwash initiatives with vague claims that don't provide real data or scientific validation for the claims. For example, a car vendor claims that a vehicle is eco-friendly because it is more fuel-efficient, while failing to mention or consider the larger industrial impact of vehicle manufacturing on the environment.

85. Which one of the following best describes the term "greenwashing"? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2022]

(a) Conveying a false impression that a company's products are eco-friendly and environmentally sound
(b) Non-inclusion of ecological/environmental costs in the Annual Financial Statements of a country
(c) Ignoring the disastrous ecological consequences while undertaking infrastructure development
(d) Making mandatory provisions for environmental costs in a government project/programme

Correct Answer: (a) Conveying a false impression that a company's products are eco-friendly and environmentally sound

Solution:Greenwashing is the process of conveying a false impression or misleading information about how a company's products are environmentally sound. Greenwashing involves making an unsubstantiated claim to deceive consumers into believing that a company's products are environmentally friendly or have a greater positive environmental impact than they actually do.

86. Which of the following Indian state has recently launched greenhouse farming? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2003, 2001]

(a) Haryana
(b) Punjab
(c) Maharashtra
(d) Uttar Pradesh

Correct Answer: (b) Punjab

Solution:Punjab has recently launched greenhouse farming. Greenhouse farming, also known as controlled environment agriculture, involves cultivating crops within a protected, enclosed structure, like a greenhouse, to manipulate environmental factors and create optimal conditions for growth. This method allows for year-round cultivation and enhanced crop quality, while minimizing exposure to pests, diseases, and weather extremes.

Greenhouses allow growers to manage temperature, humidity, light, and carbon dioxide levels to create an ideal growing environment. By controlling the environment, greenhouse farming enables the cultivation of crops regardless of seasonal weather patterns, leading to extended growing seasons and off-season harvests.

Optimal growing conditions result in higher yields and enhanced crop quality, making greenhouse farming a viable option for producing high-value fruits, vegetables, and flowers. The enclosed nature of greenhouses provides protection from pests and diseases, reducing the need for chemical pesticides and promoting healthier crops. Greenhouses utilize advanced irrigation systems, like drip irrigation, to optimize water usage and minimize wastage. Vertical greenhouse farming techniques maximize space utilization, making it suitable for urban environments and areas with limited land availability.

87. As a result of their annual survey, the National Geographic Society and an international polling firm Globe Scan gave India top rank in Greendex 2009 score. What is this score? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2010]

(a) It is a measure of efforts made by different countries in adopting technologies for reducing the carbon footprint
(b) It is a measure of environmentally sustainable consumer behaviour in different countries
(c) It is an assessment of programs/schemes undertaken by different countries for improving the conservation of natural resources
(d) It is an index shoeing the volume of carbon credits sold by different countries

Correct Answer: (b) It is a measure of environmentally sustainable consumer behaviour in different countries

Solution:National Geographic conducted its inaugural Greendex survey in January 2008. That first Greendex survey of 14 countries around the world ranked average consumers in those countries according to the environmental sustainability of their behaviour. Thus, option (b) will be the right answer. In 2009, India was at first place and in 2014 too India retained its position.

88. World Environment Day is celebrated on: [Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2013, Uttarakhand Lower (Sub.) (Pre) 2010]

(a) 21 March
(b) 23 September
(c) 5 June
(d) 25 May

Correct Answer: (c) 5 June

Solution:World Environment Day (WED) is a global observance, celebrated annually on June 5th, to raise awareness and encourage action for the protection of our environment.It is the principal vehicle of the United Nations (UN) for promoting worldwide awareness and action for the environment. Celebrated in over 150 countries, the day serves as a global platform for public outreach, drawing attention to pressing environmental issues and fostering collaboration among governments, businesses, non-governmental organizations, and individuals.

According to the United Nations, "The celebration of this day provides us with an opportunity to broaden the basis for an enlightened opinion and responsible conduct by individuals, enterprises, and communities in preserving and enhancing the environment."

89. The World Environment Day is celebrated on - [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004, 2011, 2014, (Pre) 2012, Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A./P.C.S. (Pre) 2006, 2007]

(a) December 1
(b) 5 June
(c) November 14
(d) August 15

Correct Answer: (b) 5 June

90. Who has propounded the concept of 'Limits to Growth'? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]

(a) Club of Rome
(b) UNESCO
(c) Brundtland Commission
(d) Agenda 21

Correct Answer: (a) Club of Rome

Solution:In April of 1968, 30 people including scientists, educators, economists, humanists, industrialists and government officials met at the Academia dei Lincei in Rome. "The Club of Rome" was born from this meeting as an informal organization. The concept of 'Limits to Growth' was propounded by the Club of Rome.

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