Forest and Wildlife

Total Questions: 50

1. Which one of the following has an evergreen forest? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015]

(a) Malwa Plateau
(b) Eastern Ghat
(c) Western Ghat
(d) Chhotanagpur Plateau

Correct Answer: (c) Western Ghat

Solution:The tropical evergreen forests are found in areas receiving more than 200 cm of rainfall and having a temperature of 15 to 30 degrees Celsius. They occupy about seven percent of the Earth's land surface and harbour more than half of the world's plants and animals.

They are found mostly near the equator. In India, evergreen forests are found on the Western Ghat, north-east India and Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

2. Which of the following is/are unique characteristic/ characteristics of equatorial forests? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2013]

1. The presence of tall, closely set trees with crowns forming a continuous canopy.

2. Co-existence of a large number of species.

3. The presence of numerous varieties of epiphytes.

Select the correct answer using codes given below:

(a) Only 1
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3
(d) All of these

Correct Answer: (d) All of these

Solution:Equatorial forests are found in such tropical zones which receive more than 200 cm rainfall. Tall, closely set trees forming canopy is a characteristic of these forests. The upper portion of canopy often supports rich epiphytes. About 80% of the world's biodiversity is found in equatorial.

Because of its warm and wet climate, the equatorial region supports a vast range of vegetation and is ideal for plant growth. Various species of plants can thrive according to the climatic circumstances. The area is thought to be a genetic hotspot for a variety of animals.

Within a few square kilometres, the region contains up to 3000 different tree species. The vegetation diversity includes everything from evergreen trees to lianas, as well as epiphytic and parasitic species. Plant Species have also adapted to the rainforest's conditions, such as trees and plants with shallow-reaching roots that take nutrients from the soil's thin fertile layer.

3. Consider the following States: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2015]

1. Arunachal Pradesh

2. Himachal Pradesh

3. Mizoram

In which of the above States do Tropical Wet Evergreen Forests' occur?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer: (c) 1 and 3 only

Solution:The tropical evergreen forests usually occur in areas receiving more than 200 cm of rainfall and having a temperature of 15 to 30 degrees Celsius. These forests occupy about seven per cent of the Earth's land surface and harbour more than half of the world's plants and animals.

In India, the evergreen forest is found on the western slope of the Western Ghats in states such as Kerala and Karnataka. They are also found in hills of Jaintia and Khasi (Meghalaya). While Himachal Pradesh is mainly covered by Sub-Tropical Pine forest and Himalayan Moist Temperate forests. Hence (c) is the correct answer.

4. In which of the following types of forests maximum plant diversity is found? [U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2017]

(a) Tropical most deciduous forests
(b) Sub-tropical mountain forests
(c) Temperate moist forests
(d) Tropical evergreen forests

Correct Answer: (d) Tropical evergreen forests

Solution:Maximum plant diversity is found in tropical evergreen forests. The tropical evergreen forests usually occur in areas receiving more than 200 cm of rainfall and having a temperature of 15 to 30-degree Celsius. They occupy about seven percent of the earth's land surface and harbors more than half of the world's plants and animals.

The trees are said to be evergreen, as there has been no period of drought over that time. In nature, they are mostly tall and hardwood. The forests which are evergreen are essential in not only promoting greenery on the planet but, on the other hand, they are also useful in the continual survival of animals and plants in the forest ecosystem.

They mostly occupy about 7% of the surface of the earth.
The facts show that they are found mostly near the equator.
They have a sparse interspersed undergrowth with clearings.
The facts also show that they have a scarce presence of litter, which is organic matter settling on the ground.
These forests are said to be very dense and multi-layered.
The study shows that forests constitute an important part of the environment and ecology.
These trees, which are present in the forests, are an important component of Forest Biology and the ecosystem that helps promote life.
This, in turn, allows the animals and plants to harmonize and live with one another in absolute peace

5. The greatest diversity of plants and animals is characteristic of: [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013]

(a) Temperate deciduous forests
(b) Tropical moist forests
(c) Savanna
(d) Temperate Grasslands

Correct Answer: (b) Tropical moist forests

Solution:The greatest diversity of plants and animals is found in tropical moist forests. Moist tropical forests, also known as tropical rainforests, are characterized by high temperatures, abundant rainfall, and diverse plant and animal life. These forests are found in equatorial regions and are crucial for regulating the global climate and maintaining biodiversity. Moist tropical forests experience consistently warm temperatures and high humidity, with significant rainfall throughout the year.

These forests are characterized by dense, lush vegetation, including towering trees, climbing vines, and a variety of epiphytes (plants that grow on other plants). Moist tropical forests are renowned for their extraordinary biodiversity, supporting a wide range of plant and animal species, including many that are endemic to these areas. These forests play a vital role in regulating the Earth's climate by absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen.

6. Given below are two statements, in which one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R)- [U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2023]

Assertion (A): The equatorial forest biome is the biome with the densest and highest biomass.

Reason (R): There is high rainfall and high temperature throughout the year in the equatorial forest region.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Code:

(a) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not correct explanation of (A).
(b) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(c) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is correct explanation of (A).
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true.

Correct Answer: (c) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is correct explanation of (A).

Solution:The equatorial forest biome is the biome with densest and highest biomass. Equatorial forest boime is generally found near the equator and it is characterised by a lot of sunshine and high temperature throughout the year.

Because of its warm and wet climate this region supports a vast range of biodiversity.

7. Which one of the following ecosystems has maximum plant biomass? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2017]

(b) Tropical rain forest
(a) Tropical deciduous forest
(c) Temperate deciduous forest
(d) Desert shrubs

Correct Answer: (b) Tropical rain forest

Solution:Tropical rainforest has maximum plant biomass. Tropical rainforests, are characterized by high temperatures, abundant rainfall, and diverse plant and animal life. These forests are found in equatorial regions and are crucial for regulating the global climate and maintaining biodiversity. Moist tropical forests experience consistently warm temperatures and high humidity, with significant rainfall throughout the year. These forests are characterized by dense, lush vegetation, including towering trees, climbing vines, and a variety of epiphytes (plants that grow on other plants). Moist tropical forests are renowned for their extraordinary biodiversity, supporting a wide range of plant and animal species, including many that are endemic to these areas. These forests play a vital role in regulating the Earth's climate by absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen.

8. In India, in which one of the following types of forests is teak a dominant tree species? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2015]

(a) Tropical moist deciduous forest
(b) Tropical rain forest
(c) Tropical thorn scrub forest
(d) Temperate forest with grasslands

Correct Answer: (a) Tropical moist deciduous forest

Solution:Tropical moist deciduous forests are found in areas of moderate rainfall of 100 to 200 cm per annum. The trees of these forests drop their leaves for about 6-8 weeks during the spring and early summer when sufficient moisture for the leaves isa not available.

Teak trees are the most dominant species of trees found in these forests. Bamboos, Sal, Shisham, Sandalwood, Khair, Kusum, Arjun, Mulberry are some of the other commercially important species found here.

9. Which one of the following state has the maximum area under teak forest in India? [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2020]

(a) Jharkhand
(b) Andhra Pradesh
(c) Uttarakhand
(d) Madhya Pradesh

Correct Answer: (d) Madhya Pradesh

Solution:Madhya Pradesh has the largest forest cover in the country followed by Arunachal Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and Maharashtra.

In terms of forest cover as percentage of total geographical area, the top five States are Mizoram (84.53%), Arunachal Pradesh (79.33%), Meghalaya (76.00%), Manipur (74.34%) and Nagaland (73.90%).

As per IFSR 2021 Madhya Pradesh has the maximum area under teak forest in India.

10. Mangrove (Tidal Forests) vegetation in India is mostly found in- [Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2011]

(a) Malabar coast
(b) Sundarbans
(c) Rann of Kachchh
(d) Dandakaranya

Correct Answer: (b) Sundarbans

Solution:A mangrove commonly refers to two different things: a tidal swamp ecosystem found in tropical deltas, estuaries, lagoons or islands and the characteristic tree species populating this ecosystem.

Mangrove trees have developed unique adaptations to the harsh conditions of coastal environments. Most of the region of Mangrove plants are found in Sundarban delta. Sundari tree in these is quite popular.

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