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Forest and Wildlife

📆 October 8, 2024

Total Questions: 50

21. The 2004 Tsunami made people realize that mangroves can serve as a reliable safety hedge against coastal calamities. How do mangroves function as a safety hedge? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2011]

Correct Answer: (d) The mangrove trees do not get uprooted by storms and tides because of their extensive roots.
Solution:Mangroves can serve as a reliable safety hedge against coastal calamities. The mangrove trees do not get uprooted by storms and tides because of their extensive roots. Hence (d) is the correct answer.

22. Assertion (A): Coastal Odisha is most cyclone-prone area of India. [U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010, U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2006]

Reason (R) : There is a large amount of deforestation of Mangroves in Mahanadi delta area. Choose the correct answer in the given codes:

Correct Answer: (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Solution:Coastal Odisha is the most affected area due to the cyclones generated in the Bay of Bengal. Here, the frequency of cyclone is more as compared to the other States. Hence, Assertion (A) is correct. Mangrove can serve as a reliable safety hedge against coastal calamities.

Recently, there was massive deforestation along the Mahanadi delta area, which has added the risks arising due to cyclones. Hence, both the assertion and reason are correct and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

23. Consider the following statements about Bhitarkanika Mangroves: [U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2016]

1. It is located in the deltaic region of Vansadhara and Subarnarekha rivers.

2. It lies in the state of West Bengal.

Correct Answer: (d) Neither 1 nor 2 is correct.
Solution:Bhitarkanika mangrove is located on the deltas of Brahmani and Baitarni in the Kendrapada district of Odisha. It is famous for mangrove forests. It's home to a diverse array of flora and fauna, including over 62 mangrove species and various reptiles like saltwater crocodiles. Bhitarkanika was declared a wildlife sanctuary in 1975 and later, a part of it was designated as Bhitarkanika National Park in 1998.
The area was also designated a Ramsar Site of International Importance in 2002, highlighting its ecological significance. Bhitarkanika's Gahirmatha Beach is a crucial nesting ground for Olive Ridley turtles, with thousands of turtles arriving each year to lay their eggs. The park is home to saltwater crocodiles, which are a flagship species of the area.

24. Consider the following statements: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2010]

1. The Taxus tree naturally found in the Himalayas.

2. The Taxus tree is listed in the Red Data Book.

3. A drug called 'taxol' is obtained from Taxus tree which is effective against Parkinson's disease.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Correct Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution:The Taxus tree is naturally found in the Himalayas. The Taxus tree is listed in the Red Data Book. A drug called Taxol is obtained from Taxus tree which is used in breast and lung cancer treatment and also effective against Parkinson's disease.

Hence all the statements are correct.

The species of Taxus tree that is native to the Himalayas is known as Taxus wallichiana. Taxus wallichiana Zucc., or Himalayan yew, belongs to the family Taxaceae and is found in India as an evergreen tree in the temperate Himalayas at altitudes between 1800 and 3300 m and in the hills of Meghalaya and Manipur at an altitude of 1500 m. The species is listed in the category of 'endangered species of the Red Data Book published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

It received wide attention recently because its leaves and bark were found to be the prime source of taxol, a potent anticancer drug that has the unique property of preventing the growth of cancerous cells and is used in the treatment of breast and ovarian cancers and also effective against Parkinson's disease. Taxol was first isolated from the bark of Taxus brevifolia, and since then, taxol and related bioactive taxoids have been reported from various other species of the genus Taxus

25. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R): [I.A.S. (Pre) 1996]

Assertion (A): Mangroves are very specialized forest ecosystems of tropical and subtropical regions bordering certain sea coasts.

Reason (R) : They stabilize the shoreline and act as a bulwark against encroachments by sea.
In the context of the above two statements which one of the following is correct?

Correct Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Solution:Mangroves are very specialized forest eco-system of tropical and subtropical areas bordering certain sea coasts. Mangroves stabilize the shoreline and act as a bulwark against encroachments by the sea which make them specialized forest ecosystem.

That is why the Government is protecting Sundarban mangrove. Hence both the Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

26. If you travel through the Himalayas, you are likely to see which of the following plants naturally growing there? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2014]

1. Oak

2. Rhododendron

3. Sandalwood

Select the correct answer using the Code given below:

Correct Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only
Solution:Subtropical forests are found in North-West (except Kashmir), Khasi hills, Nagaland and Manipur. Pine is the main tree in these forests but the trees like Oak having broad leaves can be easily seen in highly humid areas.

Apart from this, shrubs like rhododendron are also found in these areas. Sandalwood is a tropical deciduous tree which is not found in the Himalayan region.

If you travel through Himalaya, it is quite possible to see the trees like Rhododendron and Oak but sandalwood trees would not be seen here. For examining the forest of Sandalwood, you have to travel towards South India.

27. Assertion (A): Forests are a renewable resource. [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2004, U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2002]

Reason (R) : They enhance the quality of environment

Select the correct answer from codes given below:

Correct Answer: (b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Solution:Renewable resources are the resources which can be reused. Thus, forest is a renewable resource as it can be reused after its sustainable exploitation. Forests enhance the quality of the environment as it absorbs carbon dioxide and produces oxygen.

Thus assertion (A) and Reason (R) both are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

28. Consider the following statements: [U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2016]

Assertion (A): Natural resources are those that exist in a region and can also be used in future.

Reason (R) : The development of an actual natural resource depends upon the technology and cost of production.

Select the correct answer from codes given below:

Correct Answer: (b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) does not correctly explains (A).
Solution:On the basis of the development stage, natural resources are categorized as: (i) Potential Resources (ii) Actual Resources (iii) Reserve Resources (iv) Stock Resources. Potential Resources are those which exist in a particular area and can be used in future.

Actual Resources are those which have been surveyed and their volume and quality have been determined and these are being used currently.

The development of an actual resource depends upon technology and cost of production. Thus assertion and reason both are correct however reason does not explain the assertion.

29. Consider the following Statements: [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009]

Assertion (A): Aluminium is a green metal.

Reason (R): It substitutes wood for saving the forest.

Select the correct answer from codes given below:

Correct Answer: (d) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
Solution:Aluminium is known as green metal due to its eco-friendly specialties. Aluminium can be a substitute of wood, but the reason behind this substitution is not to save the forests (at least in a substantive way). Thus, (A) is correct while (R) is not correct.

Aluminum can be recycled repeatedly without losing its properties, making it a sustainable choice. Recycling aluminum requires only about 5% of the energy needed to produce it from raw materials, saving a significant amount of energy and reducing the carbon footprint. Aluminum's lightweight nature contributes to energy efficiency in transportation and construction, reducing fuel consumption and building materials requirements. Aluminum is resistant to corrosion, which reduces the need for frequent replacement and extends the lifespan of products, further minimizing waste.

30. In a particular region in India, the local people train the roots of living trees into robust bridges across the streams. As time passes, these bridges become stronger. These unique living root bridges' are found in: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2015]

Correct Answer: (a) Meghalaya
Solution:Meghalaya is known for its living root bridges, locally known as jingkieng jri. They are on the tentative list of UNESCO's World Heritage sites. Many bridges across the State are over a century old. A living root bridge is like a suspension bridge formed by guiding the pliable roots of the rubber fig tree (Ficus elastica) across a stream or river and allowing the roots to grow and strengthen over time. They are common in the southern part of the Northeast Indian state of Meghalaya.
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