Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change (Part-III)

Leading experts from around the world have, through extensive international cooperation, developed a universal method of measuring a building's carbon footprint.

The Common Carbon Metric is the calculation used to define measurement, reporting, and verification for GHG emissions associated with the operation of buildings types of particular climate regions.

While it is not a building rating tool, it is consistent with methods for assessing the environmental performance of buildings used globally such as the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD), World Resources Institute (WRI) GHG Protocol, etc.

These coastal systems, though much smaller in size than the planet's forests, sequester this carbon at a much faster rate, and can continue to do so for millions of years.

Executive Board for emission reductions achieved by CDM projects and verified by a DOE (Designated Operational Entity) under the rules of the Kyoto Protocol. Cartagena Protocol is a supplementary protocol of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).

It is committed to preserving bio-diversity from Live Modified Organisms-LMO caused by the adoption of biotechnology. Cartagena protocol was adopted on 29 January, 2000. It came into effect on 11 September, 2003. Nagoya Protocol came into effect on 12 October, 2014. It is also a supplementary protocol of CBD.

It is concerned with access to genetic resources and fair distribution of benefits from them. Hence (c) is the correct answer.

Countries oversee this responsibility through their own national 'registries' which are required to be validated and monitored for compliance by the UNFCCC. Each operator is allocated an allowance of credits. Each unit gives the owner the right to emit one metric ton of CO₂.

Operators that have not met their quotas can sell their unused allowances as carbon credits, while businesses that are about to exceed their quotas can buy the extra allowances as credits, privately or on the open market.

Businesses alter their decision-making to find the most cost-effective way of operating under these regulations, either by investing in cleaner business practices or by purchasing credits from another operator with excess capacity.

Owing to a complex ratification process, it entered into force on 16 February 2005. Currently, there are 192 Parties to the Kyoto Protocol In short, the Kyoto Protocol operationalizes the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change by committing industrialized countries and economies in transition to limit and reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions in accordance with agreed individual targets.

The Convention itself only asks those countries to adopt policies and measures on mitigation and to report periodically.

This fund seeks to promote a reduction in Greenhouse gases from the land sector.

The FCPF was created to assist developing countries to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, enhance and conserve forest carbon stocks and sustainably manage forests (REDD+) by providing value to standing forests.

So, statement 2 is false as it does not provide funds to universities, individuals or institutes.

It started its work in just 4 countries. Today it has a budget of more than £ 300 million and is one of the most significant climate initiatives in the world. It completes its goal through two interactive strong pillars.

These include providing technical and financial assistance to targeted developing countries for the integration of climate change in their development policies and budgets.

The overall aim of GCCA is to create a new treaty between the European Union and the poor developing countries, who have the least potential to deal with climate change. It is coordinated by the European Commission (EC).