Human Anatomy and Physiology: VIII. Endocrine System

31. The pituitary gland by virtue of its tropic hormones controls the secretion activity of other endocrine glands. Which one of the following endocrine gland can function independent of the pituitary gland? [I.A.S. (Pre) 1997]

(a) Thyroid
(b) Gonads
(c) Adrenals
(d) Parathyroid

Correct Answer: (d) Parathyroid

Solution:The parathyroid glands are small endocrine glands in the neck of humans and other tetrapods that produce parathyroid hormone. Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin (one of the hormones made by the thyroid gland) have key roles in regulating the amount of calcium in the blood and within the bones. Parathyroid glands can function independent of the pituitary gland.

32. Iodised salt is useful because it- [Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]

(a) Improves digestion
(b) Increases resistance to diseases
(c) Controls the thyroid gland
(d) All of the above

Correct Answer: (c) Controls the thyroid gland

Solution:odised salt is table salt mixed with a minute amount of various salts of the element iodine. Iodine deficiency can cause thyroid gland problems. Iodised salt is useful as it controls the thyroid gland.

33. Assertion (A) : Goitre is a general disease in hilly areas. [Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2012]

Reason (R) : People consume a low amount of iodine in food in the hilly area.
Which of the following is correct answer :

(a) (A) and (R) both are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) (A) and (R) both are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is incorrect.
(d) (A) is not correct, but (R) is true.

Correct Answer: (a) (A) and (R) both are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Solution:Goitre is a disease caused by the deficiency of iodine and is characterized by the enlargement of thyroid gland present in our neck. It is an endemic disease and mostly affects people living in hilly areas. Hilly areas are naturally iodine-deficient due to poor iodine content present in the soil, water and agriculture produce.

34. What is thyroxine? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2003]

(a) Vitamin
(b) Hormone
(c) Enzyme
(d) None of these

Correct Answer: (b) Hormone

Solution:Thyroxine is the main hormone secreted into the bloodstream by the thyroid gland. Thyroxine plays a crucial role in heart and digestive function, metabolism, brain development, bone health, and muscle control. The deficiency of thyroxine causes cretinism and myxedema diseases in children.

35. Iodine containing hormone is – [R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1999, 65ᵗʰ B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019]

(a) Thyroxine
(b) Insulin
(c) Adrenaline
(d) Testosterone

Correct Answer: (a) Thyroxine

Solution:The thyroid gland is located in the front of the neck attached to the lower part of the voice box (larynx) and to the upper part of the windpipe (trachea). The thyroid gland produces thyroid hormones-thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). There are iodine containing hormones. Thyroid cells combine iodine and the amino acid tyrosine to make thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine hormones. T4 molecule contains for iodine atoms while T3 molecule have three iodine atoms

36. Which one of the following hormones contains iodine? [I.A.S. (Pre) 1995]

(a) Thyroxine
(b) Testosterone
(c) Insulin
(d) Adrenaline

Correct Answer: (a) Thyroxine

Solution:The thyroid gland is located in the front of the neck attached to the lower part of the voice box (larynx) and to the upper part of the windpipe (trachea). The thyroid gland produces thyroid hormones-thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). There are iodine containing hormones. Thyroid cells combine iodine and the amino acid tyrosine to make thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine hormones. T4 molecule contains for iodine atoms while T3 molecule have three iodine atoms

37. Iodine containing, thyroxine hormone is - [R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1999]

(a) Glucose
(b) Amino acid
(c) Ester
(d) Peptides

Correct Answer: (b) Amino acid

Solution:The thyroid gland is located in the front of the neck attached to the lower part of the voice box (larynx) and to the upper part of the windpipe (trachea). The thyroid gland produces thyroid hormones-thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). There are iodine containing hormones. Thyroid cells combine iodine and the amino acid tyrosine to make thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine hormones. T4 molecule contains for iodine atoms while T3 molecule have three iodine atoms

38. Which hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroxine? [45ᵗʰ B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2001]

(a) TSH
(b) FSH
(c) LTH
(d) ACTH

Correct Answer: (a) TSH

Solution:The hormonal output from the thyroid is regulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) produced by the anterior pituitary.

LTH (Luteotropic Hormone) is also known as Prolactin. Prolactin is a hormone that stimulates milk production in the mammary glands of mammals after childbirth.

FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone) stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles in females and sperm production in males, according to the Cleveland Clinic.

ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone) stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol and other hormones.

39. Match the hormones in List-I with items in List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below: [I.A.S. (Pre) 1999]

List-I	List-II
(A) Adrenaline	1. Anger, fear, danger
(B) Estrogen	2. Attracting partners through sense of smell
(C) Insulin	3. Females
(D) Pheromones	4. Glucose

Code:

Code	A	B	C	D
(a)	3	4	2	1
(b)	1	3	2	4
(c)	1	3	4	2
(d)	3	1	2	4

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

Correct Answer: (c)

Solution:

Hormone	Associated Function
Adrenaline	Anger, fear, danger
Estrogen	Females
Insulin	Glucose
Pheromones	Attracting partners through the sense of smell

40. Of the following which hormone is associated with 'fight or flight' concept? [U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010, U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Mains) 2004, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2003, U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2002, U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2001]

(a) Insulin
(b) Adrenaline
(c) Estrogen
(d) Oxytocin

Correct Answer: (b) Adrenaline

Solution:Adrenaline (Epinephrine) is commonly known as the 'fight or flight hormone'. Adrenaline is a hormone released from the adrenal glands and its major action together with noradrenaline is to prepare the body for fight or flight. Adrenaline causes dilation of blood vessels (vasodilation) which supply the brain, skeletal muscles, heart, lungs, liver, adipose tissues, sensory organs etc. Due to increased blood supply, these organs become very active and excited inducing alarm reaction, contraction of cardiac muscles, increasing both rate and force of heartbeat, pulse rate, arterial pressure and cardiac output. It produces a feeling of excitement.

Human Anatomy and Physiology: VIII. Endocrine System

31. The pituitary gland by virtue of its tropic hormones controls the secretion activity of other endocrine glands. Which one of the following endocrine gland can function independent of the pituitary gland? [I.A.S. (Pre) 1997]

32. Iodised salt is useful because it- [Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]

33. Assertion (A) : Goitre is a general disease in hilly areas. [Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2012]

34. What is thyroxine? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2003]

35. Iodine containing hormone is – [R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1999, 65ᵗʰ B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019]

36. Which one of the following hormones contains iodine? [I.A.S. (Pre) 1995]

37. Iodine containing, thyroxine hormone is - [R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1999]

38. Which hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroxine? [45ᵗʰ B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2001]

39. Match the hormones in List-I with items in List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below: [I.A.S. (Pre) 1999]

40. Of the following which hormone is associated with 'fight or flight' concept? [U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010, U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Mains) 2004, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2003, U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2002, U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2001]

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