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Human Development

📆 October 16, 2024

Total Questions: 48

31. The best performance in terms of Human Development among the Asian countries is by: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2000]

Correct Answer: (c) Korea
Solution:As per the given data, Korea's life expectancy at birth is 71.7 years which is higher than any other country represented in the table. Korea's adult literacy rate is 98% which is again highest among the given countries. Infant mortality rate is 6 (per 1000 live births) in Korea which is lowest among the given countries. Thus Korea's Human Development performance is the best among the given Asian countries As per the Human Development Report 2023/2024, Hong Kong has the best performance in the Asia with overall rank 4 in the HDI for 2022.

32. Which of the following has chosen Gross National Happiness as the index of progress: [U.P.P.C.S (Pre) 2001, 2003, U.P.U.D.A../L.D.A (Pre) 2002]

Correct Answer: (a) Bhutan
Solution:Gross National Happiness (GNH) is a measure of economic and moral progress that the 4th King of the Himalayan country of Bhutan Jigme Singye Wangchuck introduced in the 1970s as an alternative to gross domestic product. Rather than focusing strickly on quantitative economic measures, gross national happiness takes into account an evolving mix of quality-of-life factors. It includes an index which is used to measure the collective happiness and well-being of a population. Gross National Happiness Index is instituted as the goal of the government of Bhutan in the Constitution of Bhutan, enacted on 18 July, 2008. GNH is distinguishable from Gross Domestic Product by valuing collective happiness as the goal of governance, by emphasizing harmony with nature and traditional values as expressed in the 9 domains of happiness and 4 pillars of GNH. The four pillars of GNH are:

1. Sustainable and equitable socio-economic development.

2. Environmental conservation;

3. Preservation and promotion of culture; and

4. Good governance.

The nine domains of GNH are psychological well-being health, time use, education, cultural diversity and resilience, good governance, community vitality, ecological diversity and resilience and living standards.

33. Which of the following countries measures its wealth on the basis of Gross National Happiness and not on the basis of Gross National Product? [Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2006]

Correct Answer: (c) Bhutan
Solution:Gross National Happiness (GNH) is a measure of economic and moral progress that the 4th King of the Himalayan country of Bhutan Jigme Singye Wangchuck introduced in the 1970s as an alternative to gross domestic product. Rather than focusing strickly on quantitative economic measures, gross national happiness takes into account an evolving mix of quality-of-life factors. It includes an index which is used to measure the collective happiness and well-being of a population. Gross National Happiness Index is instituted as the goal of the government of Bhutan in the Constitution of Bhutan, enacted on 18 July, 2008. GNH is distinguishable from Gross Domestic Product by valuing collective happiness as the goal of governance, by emphasizing harmony with nature and traditional values as expressed in the 9 domains of happiness and 4 pillars of GNH. The four pillars of GNH are:

1. Sustainable and equitable socio-economic development.

2. Environmental conservation;

3. Preservation and promotion of culture; and

4. Good governance.

The nine domains of GNH are psychological well-being health, time use, education, cultural diversity and resilience, good governance, community vitality, ecological diversity and resilience and living standards.

34. Which South Asian Country has adopted 'Gross National Happiness' as an index of the well-being of its citizens? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009]

Correct Answer: (b) Bhutan
Solution:Gross National Happiness (GNH) is a measure of economic and moral progress that the 4th King of the Himalayan country of Bhutan Jigme Singye Wangchuck introduced in the 1970s as an alternative to gross domestic product. Rather than focusing strickly on quantitative economic measures, gross national happiness takes into account an evolving mix of quality-of-life factors. It includes an index which is used to measure the collective happiness and well-being of a population. Gross National Happiness Index is instituted as the goal of the government of Bhutan in the Constitution of Bhutan, enacted on 18 July, 2008. GNH is distinguishable from Gross Domestic Product by valuing collective happiness as the goal of governance, by emphasizing harmony with nature and traditional values as expressed in the 9 domains of happiness and 4 pillars of GNH. The four pillars of GNH are:

1. Sustainable and equitable socio-economic development.

2. Environmental conservation;

3. Preservation and promotion of culture; and

4. Good governance.

The nine domains of GNH are psychological well-being health, time use, education, cultural diversity and resilience, good governance, community vitality, ecological diversity and resilience and living standards.

35. The rank of India in Global Happiness Index 2023 is: [Raj. P.C.S. (Pre) 2023]

Correct Answer: (c) 126
Solution:The rank of India in World Happiness Report 2023's Index was 126 among 137 countries for the three-year-average 2020- 2022. India is again at 126th rank among 143 countries (for the three-year-average 2021-2023) in World Happiness Report 2024's Index.
  • The World Happiness Report 2025, published by the Wellbeing Research Centre at the University of Oxford, ranks Finland as the happiest country for the eighth consecutive year.
  • It highlights an improvement in India's happiness score and ranking over the past three years. However, despite its economic and governance advantages, India continues to lag behind Pakistan in overall happiness rankings.
  • The rankings are based on Gallup surveys and the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network.

36. Consider the following: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2011]

1. Right to education

2. Right to equal access to public service.

3. Right to food

Which of the above is/are Human Right/Human Rights under 'Universal Declaration of Human Rights"?

Correct Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution:Article 26 (1) of the 'Universal Declaration of Human Rights' says that everyone has right to education and education shall be free, at least in the elementary stages. Article 21 (2) says everyone has the right to equal access to public services in his country. Further, Article 25 (1) of this declaration says that everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his adequate dive family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care etc.

37. The first Indian State to have its Human Development e Report prepared and released by Amartya Kumar Sen in Delhi is: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2000, M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000]

Correct Answer: (c) Madhya Pradesh
Solution:The first State Human Development Report (HDR) in India was published in Madhya Pradesh in 1995 and included the computation of the State's HDI as well as HDI for all the districts in the State.

Highlights of HDR 2025:

  • The 2025 HDR, titled "A Matter of Choice: People and Possibilities in the Age of Al", highlights the critical role of artificial intelligence in shaping the next chapter of human development.
  • The study revealed stalled progress on the HDI in all regions across the world and warned that increasing trade tensions, a worsening debt crisis, and the rise of jobless industrialisation risked making the situation worse.
  • Iceland, with an HDI value of 0.972, ranked at the top of the Index, followed by Norway and Switzerland.South Sudan was at the bottom at 193 with 0.388.
    India is ranked 130th on the Human Development Index (HDI), out of 193 countries and territories.
  • India improved its HDI value from 0.676 in 2022 to 0.685 in 2023, with the country remaining in the medium human development category, although moving closer to the threshold for high human development (HDI ≥ 0.700).
  • It also noted that India's HDI value has increased by over 53 percent since 1990, growing faster than both the global and South Asian averages.
  • Among India's neighbours, China (75th), Sri Lanka (78th), and Bhutan (127th) are ranked above India,
    while Bangladesh (130th) is ranked at par. Nepal (145th), Myanmar (149th), and Pakistan (168th) are ranked below India.
  • India's life expectancy also rose to 72 years in 2023 from 67.7 in 2022, while expected schooling years increased to 13 from 12.6, with average schooling years increasing to 6.9 from 6.57. Meanwhile, the per capita Gross National Income (GNI) jumped from $6,951 to $9,047 (PPP 2021).
  • India was the only low- or middle-income country among the top 10 in the Global Al Index, with the highest level of self-reported Al skills penetration.
    The country also showed improved retention of domestic Al talent: 20 percent of Indian Al researchers reportedly remained in India in 2023, compared to almost none in 2019.

38. Indian Human Development Report does not give for each sample village: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2000]

Correct Answer: (d) Unemployment Related Index
Solution:Indian Human Development Report comprises education related index, health related index and basic infrastructure and amenities index but unemployment related index is not included in it.

Highlights of HDR 2025:

  • The 2025 HDR, titled "A Matter of Choice: People and Possibilities in the Age of Al", highlights the critical role of artificial intelligence in shaping the next chapter of human development.
  • The study revealed stalled progress on the HDI in all regions across the world and warned that increasing trade tensions, a worsening debt crisis, and the rise of jobless industrialisation risked making the situation worse.
  • Iceland, with an HDI value of 0.972, ranked at the top of the Index, followed by Norway and Switzerland.South Sudan was at the bottom at 193 with 0.388.
    India is ranked 130th on the Human Development Index (HDI), out of 193 countries and territories.
  • India improved its HDI value from 0.676 in 2022 to 0.685 in 2023, with the country remaining in the medium human development category, although moving closer to the threshold for high human development (HDI ≥ 0.700).
  • It also noted that India's HDI value has increased by over 53 percent since 1990, growing faster than both the global and South Asian averages.
  • Among India's neighbours, China (75th), Sri Lanka (78th), and Bhutan (127th) are ranked above India,
    while Bangladesh (130th) is ranked at par. Nepal (145th), Myanmar (149th), and Pakistan (168th) are ranked below India.
  • India's life expectancy also rose to 72 years in 2023 from 67.7 in 2022, while expected schooling years increased to 13 from 12.6, with average schooling years increasing to 6.9 from 6.57. Meanwhile, the per capita Gross National Income (GNI) jumped from $6,951 to $9,047 (PPP 2021).
  • India was the only low- or middle-income country among the top 10 in the Global Al Index, with the highest level of self-reported Al skills penetration.
    The country also showed improved retention of domestic Al talent: 20 percent of Indian Al researchers reportedly remained in India in 2023, compared to almost none in 2019.

39. Which one of the following States was having the highest Human Development Index in the year 2001? [U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2008]

Correct Answer: (b) Kerala
Solution:On the basis of Human Development Report (HDR) of UNDP, India published its first national HDR 2001 in April, 2002. In this report Kerala had the highest HDI rank. For the year 2019, Kerala is still at the top rank among all States/UTs of India in terms of human development, while Bihar is at the last place.

40. In terms of Human Development the most developed State of India is: [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2005]

Correct Answer: (a) Kerala
Solution:On the basis of Human Development Report (HDR) of UNDP, India published its first national HDR 2001 in April, 2002. In this report Kerala had the highest HDI rank. For the year 2019, Kerala is still at the top rank among all States/UTs of India in terms of human development, while Bihar is at the last place.
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