Indian History and World History (Part-13)

The first battle of Tarain was fought in 1191 between the Ghurids, a Turkish tribe, led by Muhammad Ghori and the Rajputs led by Prithviraj Chauhan and his allies. The encounter ended in victory for the Rajput forces. The Second Battle of Tarain was fought in 1192 between Muhammad Ghuri and Prithviraj Chauhan. The battle ended in decisive victory for the invading Ghurids and their successful entry in north Indian plain.

The first battle of Tarain was fought in 1191 between the Ghurids, a Turkish tribe, led by Muhammad Ghori and the Rajputs led by Prithviraj Chauhan and his allies. The encounter ended in victory for the Rajput forces. The Second Battle of Tarain was fought in 1192 between Muhammad Ghuri and Prithviraj Chauhan. The battle ended in decisive victory for the invading Ghurids and their successful entry in north Indian plain.

Prithviraj III was the best-known Chauhan ruler who defeated Sultan Muhammad Ghori in the first battle of Tarain in 1191. But he was defeated in the second battle of Tarain by Ghori in 1192.

Battle of Tarain (now Thanesar in Haryana) was fought between Prithviraj Chauhan III and Mohammad Ghori. Both rulers had ambitions for territorial expansion and Tabarhinda was a flash point between them.

Prithviraj III (1168-1192) was a Chahamanas, later known as Chauhan ruler. He ruled over the regions around Delhi and Ajmer. He defeated Sultan Muhammad Ghori, an Afghan conqueror in 1191. But only a year later in 1192 he was defeated by Ghori. It was the end of both his rule and life too.

Prithviraj III (1168-1192) was a Chahamanas, later known as Chauhan ruler. He ruled over the regions around Delhi and Ajmer. He defeated Sultan Muhammad Ghori, an Afghan conqueror in 1191. But only a year later in 1192 he was defeated by Ghori. It was the end of both his rule and life too.

During the last quarter of the 12th century, Sultan Muhammad Ghori who was of Iranian descent and ruled over the Ghor region of present-day central Afghanistan, invaded India and occupied the provinces of Sindh and Punjab. In the second battle of Tarain Mohammad fought with Prithviraj and defeated him. Before returning to Afghanistan he transferred the conquered territories to his general, by name Qutubuddin Aibak.

Ghori Dynasty did not rule Delhi directly. Mohammad Ghori's slaves ruled over India after his death. The Delhi Sultanate was an Islamic empire that stretched over large parts of Indian sub-continent for 320 years (1206 – 1526). Following the invasion of the subcontinent by the Ghurid dynasty, five dynasties ruled over the Delhi – the Mamluk dynasty (1206–1290), the Khalji dynasty (1290–1320), the Tughlaq dynasty (1320–1414), the Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451), and the Lodi dynasty (1451–1526).

Kitab-ul-Hind is an Arabic book authored by Al-Biruni in the 11th century. Kitab-ul-Hind is also known by another name, Tarikh-ul-Hind. The book deals with the "caste system" in India. Al-Biruni compared Indian culture with other cultures in this book in great detail.