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Industry Part-II

📆 October 18, 2024

Total Questions: 45

1. Where was the first fertilizer plant of India set up? [39th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994]

Correct Answer: (e) Ranipet
Solution:The first fertilizer production unit was established in 1906 in Ranipet in Tamil Nadu. Fertilizer is a chemical product either mined or manufactured material containing one or more essential plant nutrients that are immediately or potentially available in sufficiently good amounts. Fertilizers have played an essential role in agricultural production, providing vital nutrients for crops, increasing demands over the years. As an agrarian country, India is home to numerous small and marginal farmers and is often plagued by low productivity and low quality. Crops are mainly rain-fed and cultivated on a single piece of land over time, decreasing soil fertility in many regions. Thereby, increasing quantities of nitrogen fertilizers have been used in the country. India's domestic fertilizer production does not meet its full demand, creating a dependency on imports. As per the 2023 Standing Committee of Parliament report:
  • Urea: 20% of the domestic requirement is imported.
  • Diammonium Phosphate (DAP): 50-60% of the demand is met through imports.
  • Muriate of Potash (MOP): 100% dependency on imports.

The report stresses a need for self-reliance in fertilizer production to stabilize supplies.

2. Which one among the following is not correctly matched? [U.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010]

PlaceIndustry
(a) AonlaFertilizer
(b) NepanagarPaper
(c) SindriCopper
(d) NaroraAtomic power
Correct Answer: (c)
Solution:The first fertilizer plant of India was established in Sindri (then Bihar now Jharkhand).

Fertilizer is a chemical product either mined or manufactured material containing one or more essential plant nutrients that are immediately or potentially available in sufficiently good amounts. Fertilizers have played an essential role in agricultural production, providing vital nutrients for crops, increasing demands over the years. As an agrarian country, India is home to numerous small and marginal farmers and is often plagued by low productivity and low quality. Crops are mainly rain-fed and cultivated on a single piece of land over time, decreasing soil fertility in many regions. Thereby, increasing quantities of nitrogen fertilizers have been used in the country. India's domestic fertilizer production does not meet its full demand, creating a dependency on imports. As per the 2023 Standing Committee of Parliament report:

  • Urea: 20% of the domestic requirement is imported.
  • Diammonium Phosphate (DAP): 50-60% of the demand is met through imports.
  • Muriate of Potash (MOP): 100% dependency on imports.

The report stresses a need for self-reliance in fertilizer production to stabilize supplies.

3. The biggest fertilizer factory of India in the cooperative sector is situated at [U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl) (Pre) 2010]

Correct Answer: (a) Phulpur (U.P.)
Solution:The biggest fertilizer factory of India in the cooperative sector is situated at Phulpur (Prayagraj, U.P.).

Fertilizer is a chemical product either mined or manufactured material containing one or more essential plant nutrients that are immediately or potentially available in sufficiently good amounts. Fertilizers have played an essential role in agricultural production, providing vital nutrients for crops, increasing demands over the years. As an agrarian country, India is home to numerous small and marginal farmers and is often plagued by low productivity and low quality. Crops are mainly rain-fed and cultivated on a single piece of land over time, decreasing soil fertility in many regions. Thereby, increasing quantities of nitrogen fertilizers have been used in the country. India's domestic fertilizer production does not meet its full demand, creating a dependency on imports. As per the 2023 Standing Committee of Parliament report:

  • Urea: 20% of the domestic requirement is imported.
  • Diammonium Phosphate (DAP): 50-60% of the demand is met through imports.
  • Muriate of Potash (MOP): 100% dependency on imports.

The report stresses a need for self-reliance in fertilizer production to stabilize supplies.

4. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists: [U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2008]

List-I (Units)List-II (Industry)
A. Brajraj Nagar1. Cement
B. Kaimur2. Fertilizer
C. Haldia3. Petrochemical
D. Phulpur4. Paper

Code:

ABCD
(a)1234
(b)3412
(c)4132
(d)4321
Correct Answer: (c)
Solution:The correct match of units with related Industries are as follows-
UnitsIndustry
Brajraj Nagar (Odisha)Paper
KaimurCement
Haldia (West Bengal)Petrochemical
Phulpur (Uttar Pradesh)Fertilizers

5. India's largest petrochemical factory is situated in the state of: [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2016]

Correct Answer: (a) Gujarat
Solution:The largest petrochemical factory is located in the state of Gujarat in India. The chemical and petrochemical industry is a major contributor to India's economy. It accounts for a significant share of the country's manufacturing output and exports. Covering more than 80,000 commercial products, India's chemical industry is extremely diversified and can be broadly classified into bulk chemicals, specialty chemicals, agrochemicals, petrochemicals, polymers, and fertilizers. The Department of Chemicals & Petrochemicals intends to bring PLI into the chemical & petrochemical sector and will redraft the Petroleum, Chemicals and Petrochemicals Investment Region (PCPIR) guidelines. PLI schemes have been introduced to promote Bulk Drug Parks. The government has started various initiatives such as mandating BIS-like certification for imported chemicals to prevent dumping of cheap and substandard chemicals into the country. A 2034 vision for the chemicals and petrochemicals sector has been set up by the government to explore opportunities to improve domestic production, reduce imports and attract investments in the sector. 100% FDI is allowed under the automatic route in the chemicals sector with few exceptions that include hazardous chemicals. The government has proposed several incentives for setting up a sourcing or manufacturing platform within an Indian SEZ.

6. Where is located the largest centre of petrochemical production? [U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2013]

Correct Answer: (a) Jamnagar
Solution:The largest petrochemical factory is located in Jamnagar in Gujarat. The chemical and petrochemical industry is a major contributor to India's economy. It accounts for a significant share of the country's manufacturing output and exports. Covering more than 80,000 commercial products, India's chemical industry is extremely diversified and can be broadly classified into bulk chemicals, specialty chemicals, agrochemicals, petrochemicals, polymers, and fertilizers. The Department of Chemicals & Petrochemicals intends to bring PLI into the chemical & petrochemical sector and will redraft the Petroleum, Chemicals and Petrochemicals Investment Region (PCPIR) guidelines. PLI schemes have been introduced to promote Bulk Drug Parks. The government has started various initiatives such as mandating BIS-like certification for imported chemicals to prevent dumping of cheap and substandard chemicals into the country. A 2034 vision for the chemicals and petrochemicals sector has been set up by the government to explore opportunities to improve domestic production, reduce imports and attract investments in the sector. 100% FDI is allowed under the automatic route in the chemicals sector with few exceptions that include hazardous chemicals. The government has proposed several incentives for setting up a sourcing or manufacturing platform within an Indian SEZ.

7. Steel Authority of India was established in the year: [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006]

Correct Answer: (e) 1973
Solution:During the second five-year plan, three new integrated steel plants were established with foreign collaboration. These were Rourkela (Odisha), Bhilai (Chhattisgarh) and Durgapur (West Bengal). These public sector undertakings were under the control of Hindustan Steel Limited. Steel Authority of India Limited was established in 1973 for the management of these plants.

8. Steel Authority of India was established in the year: [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009]

PlaceState
(a) AmlaiChhattisgarh
(b) BallarpurMaharashtra
(c) BrajrajnagarOdisha
(d) RajahmundryAndhra Pradesh

 

Correct Answer: (a)
Solution:The correct match of paper industry centres and their states are as follows:
PlaceState
AmlaiMadhya Pradesh
BallarpurMaharashtra
BrajrajnagarOdisha
RajahmundryAndhra Pradesh

9. The state having the maximum number of paper mills is [UP.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2008]

Correct Answer: (c) Uttar Pradesh
Solution:In the given options, Uttar Pradesh has the maximum number of paper mills. While Gujarat has the maximum number of paper mills in India. The first modern paper mill was founded in 1832 in Serampore (West Bengal), but it did not survive, and the industry began again in 1870 near Calcutta. The paper sector has advanced rapidly during the period of planned development since independence. Now, India has 861 paper mills, 526 of which are operational, with a total installed capacity of 27.15 million tonnes, according to CPPRI data (2019-20). In India, per capita consumption is hovering around 2 kilograms, compared to more than 200 kg in highly industrialized countries. India is likely to become a significant country in the industry's growth in the next few years. Paper and paperboard output in the world is around 390 million tonnes, with 490 million tonnes predicted by 2020. In 2009, 371 million tonnes of paper were consumed worldwide.

10. At which of the following places the newsprint paper industry is located? [67th B.P.S.C. (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2022]

Correct Answer: (c) Nepanagar
Solution:Nepanagar is an industrial town located in Burhanpur district of Madhya Pradesh state, which is famous for newsprint industry. Newsprint is made from wood pulp from softwood trees like spruce, fir, and pine. The wood is debarked, chipped, and processed in a mechanical pulp mill. The pulp is not chemically treated to remove lignin, which is a substance that darkens when exposed to sunlight and oxygen. Newsprint is used to make newspapers, magazines, supplements, directories, and educational materials. Newsprint can be dyed in colors like green, blue, pink, yellow, orange, or salmon.
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