International Organizations (Part – II)

Total Questions: 50

31. 'European Stability Mechanism', sometimes seen in the news, is an: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2016]

(a) agency created by EU to deal with the impact of millions of refugees arriving from middle east
(b) agency of EU that provides financial assistance to eurozone countries.
(c) agency of EU to deal with all the bilateral and multilateral agreements on trade
(d) agency of EU to deal with the conflicts arising among the members countries

Correct Answer: (b) agency of EU that provides financial assistance to eurozone countries.

Solution:The 'European Stability Mechanism' (ESM) was set up in 2012 as a successor of the 'European Financial Stability Facility'to help eurozone countries in severe financial distress. It provides financial assistance to eurozone countries. It is a permanent agency located in Luxembourg.

32. Consider the following statements: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2023]

The 'Stability and Growth Pact' of the European Union is a treaty that:

1. limits the levels of the budgetary deficit of the countries of the European Union

2. makes the countries of the European Union to share their infrastructure facilities

3. enables the countries of the European Union to share their technologies

How many of the above statements are correct?

(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) All three
(d) None of these

Correct Answer: (a) Only one

Solution:Described as the Eurozone's fiscal rulebook, the 'Stability and Growth Pact (SGP)' is a set of fiscal rules designed to prevent EU countries from spending beyond their means. Since 1997, member States have agreed that they should T.S. (Pre) 1997 keep GDP ratios of deficit and debt below 3% and 60% respectively. Countries that break the rules for three consecutive years are fined a maximum of 0.5% of their GDP These guidelines are intended to ensure sound management of public finances, in order to prevent one Member State's irresponsible budgetary policies from spilling over and undermining the economic stability of the entire euro area. The SGP does not make or enable the countries of the European Union to share their infrastructure facilities or technologies. Hence, only statement 1 is correct and option (a) is the correct answer.

33. The term 'Digital Single Market Strategy' seen in the news, refers to: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2017]

(a) ASEAN
(b) BRICS
(c) EU
(d) G20

Correct Answer: (c) EU

Solution:The 'Digital Single Market Strategy' is a policy belonging to the European Single Market that covers digital marketing, E-commerce and telecommunications. It was announced in May, 2015 by the Juncker Commission. It was part of the 'Digital Agenda for Europe 2020' program of EU, an initiative of Europe 2020 proposed strategy. It is defined by 'A Digital Single Market Strategy for Europe' by the European Commission.

The three said 'pillars' of this strategy include:

• Access to online products and services.

• Conditions for digital networks and services to grow and thrive.

• Growth of the European digital economy.

34. Consider the following statements: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2023]

Statement-I : Recently, the United States of America (USA) and the European Union (EU) have launched the 'Trade and Technology Council'.

Statement-II: The USA and the EU claim that through this they are trying to bring technological progress and physical productivity under their control.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

(a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and bus areas of UNOP Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I
(b) Both Statement-1 and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I
(c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect
(d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Correct Answer: (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

Solution:European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen and US President Joe Biden launched the EU-US Trade and Technology Council' at the EU-US Summit in Brussels on June 15, 2021. The EU-US Trade and Technology Council (TTC) serves as a forum for the United States and the European Union to coordinate approaches to key global trade, economic, and technology issues and to deepen transatlantic trade and economic relations based on these shared values. This partnership aims to:

• Ensure that trade and technology serve their societies and economies, while upholding their common values and interests

• Strengthen their technological and industrial leadership

• Expand bilateral trade and investment

• Defend democracy, human rights and values

Hence, Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect.

35. Consider the following infrastructure sectors: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2023]

1. Affordable housing

2. Mass rapid transport

3. Health care

4. Renewable energy

On how many of the above does UNOPS Sustainable Investments in Infrastructure and Innovation (S3i) initiative focus for its investments?

(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) Only three
(d) All four

Correct Answer: (c) Only three

Solution:In March, 2020, Sustainable Investments in Infrastructure and Innovation (S3i) was formally established as a stand- alone business unit in the UNOPS governance structure, making UNOPS the first United Nations organization able to make direct investments from its own balance sheet. UNOPS Sustainable Investments in Infrastructure and Innovation (S3i) is dedicated to making the SDGs a reality by investing with meaningful and measurable impact in affordable housing, renewable energy and health, and boosting innovation. Three focus areas of UNOPS S3i initiative for its investments are: (a) affordable housing; (b) renewable energy; and (c) health infrastructure.

36. The FAO secords the state of balty Agricultural Heritage System (GLAHS)' to traditional agricultural systems. What is the overall goal of this Initiative? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2016]

1. To provide modern technology, training in modern

farming methods and financial support to local communities of identified GIAIS so as to greatly enhance their agricultural productivity

2. To identify and safeguard eco-friendly traditional farm practices and their associated landscapes, agricultural biodiversity and knowledge systems of the local communities

3. To provide Geographical Indication status to all the varieties of agricultural produce in such identified GIAHS

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer: (b) 2 only

Solution:"Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) initiative was started by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in 2002 to mitigate threats faced by these systems and their people and enhance the benefits derived from these dynamic systems. GIAHS are outstanding landscapes of aesthetic beauty that combine agricultural biodiversity, resilient ecosystems and a valuable cultural heritage. The objective of GIAHS initiative is to identify and safeguard eco-friendly traditional farm practices and their associated landscapes, agricultural biodiversity and knowledge systems of the local communities.

37. The 100th ILO Annual Conference has decided to protect the interest of: [U.P.U.D.A/L.D.A. (Mains) 2010]

(a) Child labour
(b) Domestic workers
(c) Landless Agricultural Labour
(d) Woman labour

Correct Answer: (b) Domestic workers

Solution:The 100th session of the International Labour Organization (ILO) was held from 1-17 June, 2011. The 100th session of ILO on 16 June, 2011 adopted a historic set of international standards aimed at improving the working conditions of tens of millions of domestic workers worldwide. ILO was created in 1919 under the League of Nations, as part of the Treaty of Versailles that ended World War I. It became specialized agency of the United Nations in 1946. The headquarters of ILO is in Geneva, Switzerland. In 2019, the ILO celebrated its 100th anniversary.

38. International Labour Organization's Conventions 138 and 182 are related to: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2018]

(a) Child labour
(b) Adaptation of agricultural practices to global climate change
(c) Regulation of food prices and food security
(d) Gender parity at the workplace

Correct Answer: (a) Child labour

Solution:In March 2017, the Union Cabinet of India has given its approval for ratification of the two fundamental Conventions of the International Labour Organization (ILO) namely, "Minimum Age Convention (No. 138)' concerning minimum age for admission to employment, and the 'Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention (No. 182) concerning the prohibition and immediate action for elimination of the worst forms of child labour. In June, 2017, the Government of India deposited with ILO the instruments of ratification of these two fundamental ILO conventions concerning the elimination of child labour. India is a founder member of the ILO, which came into existence in 1919.

39. Assertion (A): The United States of America has threat- ened to ask the World Trade Organization (WTO) to apply sanctions against the developing countries for the non-observance of ILO conventions. [I.A.S. (Pre) 1998]

Reason (R): The United States of America itself has adopted and implemented those ILO conventions.

(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT a correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true

Correct Answer: (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false

Solution:The United States of America keeps pressure on developing countries regarding labour standards. While the America itself is unconcerned with the implementation of labour standards. Hence, assertion is true, while reason is wrong.

40. World Social Protection Report is published by: [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2023]

(a) International Labour Organization
(b) World Bank
(c) World Health Organization
(d) World Economic Forum

Correct Answer: (a) International Labour Organization

Solution:World Social Protection Report is published by the International Labour Organization (ILO). It gives a global overview of recent development in social protection systems.

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