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International Trade (Part – III)

📆 October 21, 2024

Total Questions: 50

41. Which of the following commodities has highest export from India in 2017? [U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2017, U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2017]

Correct Answer: (b) Engineering goods
Solution:As per the question period and at present, option (b) is the correct answer. According to the Economy Survey 2022-23, value of principal exports (in US $ million) from India are as follows:
Item2020-21 (US $ million)2021-22 (US $ million)
Agricultural and allied products4171450386
Total Textiles3090443438
Gems and Jewellery2602339099
Chemicals and allied products3116541131
Engineering Goods76720112102
Mineral fuels and lubricants2683869006

42. Which of the following groups constitutes the largest items of export from India? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996]

Correct Answer: (a) Engineering Goods and Tea
Solution:As per the question period, readymade garments and gems and jewellery constituted the largest items of export from India. However, at present engineering goods has highest value and share in exports from India. According to the Economy Survey 2022-23, value of principal exports (in US $ million) from India are as follows:
Item2020-21 (US $ million)2021-22 (US $ million)
Agricultural and allied products4171450386
Total Textiles3090443438
Gems and Jewellery2602339099
Chemicals and allied products3116541131
Engineering Goods76720112102
Mineral fuels and lubricants2683869006

43. The most important item of Indian exports, in terms of value during recent years has been: [U.P.P.C.S (Mains) 2006]

Correct Answer: (d) Engineering goods
Solution:As per the question period, readymade garments and gems and jewellery constituted the largest items of export from India. However, at present engineering goods has highest value and share in exports from India. According to the Economy Survey 2022-23, value of principal exports (in US $ million) from India are as follows:
Item2020-21 (US $ million)2021-22 (US $ million)
Agricultural and allied products4171450386
Total Textiles3090443438
Gems and Jewellery2602339099
Chemicals and allied products3116541131
Engineering Goods76720112102
Mineral fuels and lubricants2683869006

44. Which of the following commodities is exported maximum from India? [U.P.R.O/A.R.O. (Pre) 2014*]

Correct Answer: (b) Engineering goods
Solution:As per the question period, readymade garments and gems and jewellery constituted the largest items of export from India. However, at present engineering goods has highest value and share in exports from India. According to the Economy Survey 2022-23, value of principal exports (in US $ million) from India are as follows:
Item2020-21 (US $ million)2021-22 (US $ million)
Agricultural and allied products4171450386
Total Textiles3090443438
Gems and Jewellery2602339099
Chemicals and allied products3116541131
Engineering Goods76720112102
Mineral fuels and lubricants2683869006

45. The largest contribution to the export earnings of India comes from the export of: [M.P. P.C.S.(Pre) 1995, Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2002, U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2007]

Correct Answer: (a) Agricultural and allied products
Solution:As per the question period option (b) was the correct answer, but according to the data of recent years, among the given items, agricultural and allied products is the largest contributor to the export earnings. As per the Economic Survey 2022-23, the percentage share of major exports in recent years is as follows:
CommodityPercentage Share (2020-21)Percentage Share (2021-22)
Agricultural and allied products14.3%11.9%
Gems & Jewellery8.9%9.3%
Machinery & Instruments8.5%8.0%
Textiles & Clothing10.6%*10.3%*
(i) Readymade Garments4.2%3.8%
(ii) Cotton yarn, fabrics, made-ups etc.3.0%3.2%
Electronic goods3.5%3.4%
Tea & Coffee0.5%0.4%
Leather & Leather Footwear1.2%1.1%
Manufacture of metals5.6%6.0%
Transport equipments6.2%5.4%

*  As per the data of Ministry of Commerce and Industry

Note : Economic Survey 2023-24  is not released till end-June, 2024.

46. The largest percentage share in India's export trade is of: [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2003, U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Mains) 2004]

Correct Answer: (a) Readymade garments
Solution:According to the data of recent years, among the given items, agricultural and allied products is the largest contributor to the export earnings. As per the Economic Survey 2022-23, the percentage share of major exports in recent years is as follows:
CommodityPercentage Share (2020-21)Percentage Share (2021-22)
Agricultural and allied products14.3%11.9%
Gems & Jewellery8.9%9.3%
Machinery & Instruments8.5%8.0%
Textiles & Clothing10.6%*10.3%*
- Readymade Garments4.2%3.8%
- Cotton yarn, fabrics, made-ups etc.3.0%3.2%
Electronic goods3.5%3.4%
Tea & Coffee0.5%0.4%
Leather & Leather Footwear1.2%1.1%
Manufacture of metals5.6%6.0%
Transport equipments6.2%5.4%

47. The largest percentage share in India's export trade is of: [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2003, U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Mains) 2004]

Correct Answer: (c) Gems and jewellery
Solution:According to the data of recent years, among the given items, agricultural and allied products is the largest contributor to the export earnings. As per the Economic Survey 2022-23, the percentage share of major exports in recent years is as follows:
CommodityPercentage Share (2020-21)Percentage Share (2021-22)
Agricultural and allied products14.3%11.9%
Gems & Jewellery8.9%9.3%
Machinery & Instruments8.5%8.0%
Textiles & Clothing10.6%*10.3%*
Readymade Garments4.2%3.8%
Cotton yarn, fabrics, made-ups etc.3.0%3.2%
Electronic goods3.5%3.4%
Tea & Coffee0.5%0.4%
Leather & Leather Footwear1.2%1.1%
Manufacture of metals5.6%6.0%
Transport equipments6.2%5.4%

48. As per 2010 statistics, percentage share of gems and jewellery in India's export is around: [U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Mains) 2008]

Correct Answer: (a) 18
Solution:As per 2010 statistics, percentage share of gems and jewellery in India's export was around 18%. According to the Economic Survey 2022-23, Gems & Jewellery has 9.3 percent share in commodity exports of India for the year 2021-22.

About Gems and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC)

  • It is an apex body of the Gem and Jewellery industry in India, sponsored by the Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Government of India.
    Primary Function:
  • It is primarily involved in introducing Indian gem and jewellery products to the international market and promotes their exports.
  • To achieve this, the Council provides market information to its members regarding foreign trade inquiries, trade and tariff regulations, rates of import duties, and information about Jewellery fairs and exhibitions.
  • Headquarters: Mumbai, Maharashtra.

49. India earns maximum foreign exchange by the export of: [B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2015*]

Correct Answer: (c) Textile
Solution:Among the given options, India earns maximum foreign exchange by the export of textiles. As per the data of Ministry of Textile, the export of textiles in 2022-23 stood at US $ 36686 million compared to US $ 44435 million in 2021-22.

India's textile industry is one of the largest globally, covering the entire value chain from cotton cultivation to apparel manufacturing. However, it lags behind China, Vietnam, and Bangladesh in exports due to fragmented supply chains, higher costs, and complex regulations.
Despite being a major producer of cotton and synthetic fibres, the industry has seen slow growth. Rising sustainability and compliance requirements are expected to further increase costs, particularly for smaller firms.

50. The earnings of India from diamond export is quite high. Which one of the following factors has contributed to it? [I.A.S. (Pre) 1993]

Correct Answer: (c) Expertise available for cutting and polishing of imported diamonds which are then exported
Solution:India exports 75% of the world's polished diamonds as per statistics from the Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC). India's Gems and Jewellery sector has been contributing in a big way to the country's foreign exchange earnings. It is happened due to availability of experts who perform the cutting and polishing of the imported diamonds. India is deemed to be the hub of the global jewellery market because of its low costs and availability of high-skilled labour. India is the world's largest cutting and polishing centre for diamonds, with the cutting and polishing industry being well supported by government policies. The Indian Government presently allows 100% Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the sector through the automatic route, bora As per the data of Gem & Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC), cut and polished diamonds exports from India plunged 27.5% to US$ 15.97 billion in FY 2023-24 as compared to 2022-23.
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