Organic Chemistry F. The Fuel

51. In which of the following types of heat engines carburetor is used? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2022]

(a) Steam engine
(b) Diesel engine
(c) Both diesel and petrol engines
(d) Petrol engine

Correct Answer: (d) Petrol engine

Solution:A carburetor is a device used by an internal combustion engine to control and mix air and fuel entering the engine. While the earlier versions of carburetors used to do this merely by allowing air to pass over the fuel surface, the advanced version of carburetors dispenses a metered amount of fuel into the stream of air to achieve this purpose. Since the 1990s, carburetors have been largely replaced by fuel injection for cars and trucks. However, carburetors are still used by some small engines (e.g., lawnmowers, generators, and concrete mixers) and motorcycles. Carburetors are only used in petrol engines. Diesel engines have always used fuel injection instead of carburetors.

52. Which of the following metals are used as catalysts in the catalytic converters to eliminate poisonous gases? [Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2023]

(a) Sodium
(b) Thorium
(c) Rhodium
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer: (c) Rhodium

Solution:A catalytic converter is an exhaust emission control device that catalyses a redox reaction to transform hazardous gases and pollutants in internal combustion engine exhaust gas emissions from gasoline (petrol) and diesel vehicles using into less dangerous pollutants, Catalytic converters clean up metal catalysts which usually

53. Consider the following features of newer models of motor cars: [L.A.S. (Pre) 2000]

Radial tyres
Streamlined body
Multipoint fuel injection
Catalytic converter with exhaust
Which of these features make the new models of motor cars more fuel efficient?

(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 2, 3 and 4
(d) 1, 3 and 4

Correct Answer: (d) 1, 3 and 4

Solution:There will be less friction due to radial tyres by which the speed of the motor car will increase. They offer reduced fuel consumption due to less rolling resistance. The fuel injection is a method or system for admitting fuel into the internal combustion. By this, the use of fuel will reduce. The catalytic converter with the exhaust system will save the car engine from heating, which increases its efficiency. The streamlined body of newer models of cars also helps in reducing fuel consumption by the reduction of air resistance or drag. But, according to the given options, option (d) is the appropriate answer.

54. Hydrogen gas can be conveniently used as a fuel for running vehicles if it is absorbed at a very low temperature by a substance only to be released at the temperature generated by the exhaust. What is that substance found in India? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008]

(a) Hydride
(b) Coals
(c) Soapstone
(d) Resins

Correct Answer: (a) Hydride

Solution:Hydrogen gas is absorbed by palladium hydride at very low temperature. It is used to power a range of new alternate fuel vehicles.

55. Which of the following is the by-product derived from the refining process of petroleum? [U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2013]

(a) Petrol
(b) Charcoal
(c) Coal
(d) Asphalt

Correct Answer: (d) Asphalt

Solution:Asphalt is also known as bitumen. It is a sticky, black, and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum. It may be found in natural deposits or may be refined from crude oil. The primary use of asphalt is in road construction, where it is used as the glue or binder mixed with aggregate particles to create asphalt concrete. Its other uses are for bituminous waterproofing products, including the production of roofing felt and for sealing flat roofs.

56. ‘Hydrocarbon Vision 2025’ is associated with: [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000]

(a) Storage of petroleum products
(b) Euro I and Euro II vehicles
(c) Green House effect
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer: (a) Storage of petroleum products

Solution:‘Hydrocarbon Vision 2025’ is associated with the storage of petroleum products and focuses on long-term energy security. It aims to ensure energy security by achieving self-reliance through increased indigenous production and investment in equity oil abroad.