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Other Civil Uprisings (Part-I)

📆 October 12, 2024

Total Questions: 43

31. What was the Santhal Paragana region called in ancient times? [Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]

Correct Answer: (a) Narikhand
Solution:Santhal Paragana region was called 'Narikhand' in ancient times. According to Buddhist literature, this region was also called as 'Kajangala'. During the Mahabharat period Santhal Pargana region was a part of Anga Mahajanapada.

The Santhal Hul of 1855 was one of the earliest peasant uprisings against British colonial rule in India. Led by four brothers - Sidho, Kanho, Chand, and Bhairav Murmu - along with sisters Phulo and Jhano, the revolt began on 30th June 1855. The revolt targeted not only the British but also upper castes, zamindars, darogas, and moneylenders, collectively termed 'diku'. It aimed to protect the economic, cultural, and religious rights of the Santhal community.

32. Which one of the following uprising occurred in Maharastra? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998]

Correct Answer: (a) Bhil uprising
Solution:The Uprising of the Bhils, 1818-31:

The Bhils were mostly concentrated in the hill ranges of Khandesh. The British occupation of Khandesh in 1818 enraged the Bhils because they were suspicious of outsiders' incurision into their territory. Moreover, it was believed that Trimbakji, rebel minister of Baji Rao II, instigated the Bhils against the British occupation of Khandesh. There was general insurrections in 1819 and the Bhils in several small groups ravaged the plains. There were similar types of Insurrection quite often by the Bhil Chiefs against the British. The British government used it military force to suppress the rebels and at the same time, tried to win them over through various conciliatory measures. But the British measures failed to bring the Bhils to their side.

The Kol Uprising, 1831-32:

The Kols of Singhbhum enjoyed independent power under their Chiefs. They successfully resisted attempts made by the Raja of Chota Nagpur and Mayurbhanj to subdue them. The rebellion spread over Ranchi, Hazaribagh, Palamau and Manbhum. The target of the attack was the stltlers from other regions whose house were burnt and property looted. The insurrection was ruthlessly suppressed by the British militia.

Rampa Rebellion of 1879

After the passing of the 1822 Madras Forest Act, its restrictions on the free movement of tribal peoples in the forest prevented  them from engaging in their traditional "Podu" agricultural system, which involved shifting cultivation in northern areas of Godavari area in Andhra Pradesh.

Santhal Rebellion, 1855-56

It extended from Bhagalpur in Bihar to Rajmahal.

33. Who launched the 'Losodia Movement' for social reforms amongst the Bhils of Mewar, Bagar and nearby regions? [R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2008]

Correct Answer: (b) Govind Giri
Solution:Social reforemers like Surji bhagat and Govind Giri launched the 'Lasodia Movement' for the social reforms amongst the Bhils of Mewar Pratapgarh and nearby regions in the latter half of the 19th century. Govind Giri founded "Samp Sabha" in 1833 with a view to organising the Bhil community.He is considered as the founder of Lasodia Movement.

34. Ulgulan Revolt was related to- [39th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994]

Correct Answer: (d) Birsa Munda
Solution:Munda Rebellion was one of the most prominent 1th Century tribal rebellions in the subcontinent. Birsa Munda led this movement in the region in 1e899-1900. The Ulgulan, meaning 'Great Tumult,' sought to establish an independent Munda Raj. The Mundas traditionally enjoyed a preferential rent rate as the Khuntkatti or the original clearer of the forest. But in the course of the 19th century, they had seen this Khuntkatti land system being eroded by the Jaghirdars and thikedars coming as merchants and moneylenders. In 1895, Birsa claiming to have seen a vision of God, proclaimed himself a prophet with miraculous healing powers. Thousands flocked to hear the 'new word' of Birsa with its prophecy of an imminent deluge. The new prophet became a critic of the traditional tribal customs, religious beliefs, and practices. He called upon the Mundas ot fight against superstition, give up animal sacrifice, stop taking intoxicants, wear the sacred thread and retain the tribal tradition of worship in the Sarna or the sacred grove. It was essentially a revivalist movement, which sought to purge Munda society of all foreign elements and restore its pristine character. Christianity influenced the movement as well and it used both Hindu-Christian idioms to create the Munda ideology and worldview. On Christmas Eve 1899, the Mundas shot arrows and tried to burn down churches over an area covering six police stations in the districts of Ranchi and Singhbhum. Next in January 1900, the police stations were targeted and there were rumours that Birsa's followers would attack Ranchi on 8th January, leading to panic there. However, on  9th January, the rebels were defeated. Birsa was captured and died in jail. Nearly 350 Mundas were put on trial, and three of them were hanged and 44 transported for the life.

35. With reference to the history of India, "Ulgulan" or the Great Tumult is the description of which of the following events? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2020]

Correct Answer: (d) Birsa Munda's Revolt of 1899-1900
Solution:'Ulgulan' meaning Great Tumult was a revolution to establish Munda Raj and Independence which was led by Birsa Munda in 1899-1900. It was a revolt to establish the right of indigenous people  over their resources which were being snatched away from them by landlords and money lenders and colonial rulers during pre-independence time.

36. Which tribal leader known as 'Dharti Aaba' (Father of World)? [Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2002]

Correct Answer: (d) Birsa Munda
Solution:Birsa Munda was known as Dharti Aaba or father of earth, was born in 1875. In the year 1895, Birsa claimed to possess miraculous healing powers and declared himself prophet. The Munda rebellion was essentially a revivalist movement that aimed to eliminate all the foreign elements from the Munda society to make it retain its original pure character. The political and agrarian elements were then included in the religious movement. Birsa was also captured and he died in jail in June 1900.

37. Who was the leader of the Munda rebellion? [47th B.P.S.C , U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998,2005]

Correct Answer: (a) Birsa
Solution:Birsa Munda was known as Dharti Aaba or father of earth, was born in 1875. In the year 1895, Birsa claimed to possess miraculous healing powers and declared himself prophet. The Munda rebellion was essentially a revivalist movement that aimed to eliminate all the foreign elements from the Munda society to make it retain its original pure character. The political and agrarian elements were then included in the religious movement. Birsa was also captured and he died in jail in June 1900.

38. Who was the leader of Munda Revolt? [66th B.P.S.C. Re-Exam (Pre) 2020]

Correct Answer: (b) Birsa
Solution:Birsa Munda was known as Dharti Aaba or father of earth, was born in 1875. In the year 1895, Birsa claimed to possess miraculous healing powers and declared himself prophet. The Munda rebellion was essentially a revivalist movement that aimed to eliminate all the foreign elements from the Munda society to make it retain its original pure character. The political and agrarian elements were then included in the religious movement. Birsa was also captured and he died in jail in June 1900.

39. Mundas rose in revolt in — [66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2001]

Correct Answer: (d) 1895
Solution:One of the prominent revolts of the nineteenth century on the Indian subcontinent was the Munda Rebellion. This rebellion was led by Birsa Munda in 1899. Traditionally, the Mundas enjoyed the system known as the Khuntkatti which meant the original clearing of the forest. However, in the course of time, the Mundas realized that this system of Khuntkatti was being corroded by the jagirdars and thikedars who came as moneylenders and traders. In the year 1895, Birsa declared himself prophet. This movement was popularly known as Sardari larai. Munda was arrested in 1900, later died in jail.

40. Birsa was captured, while asleep on: [B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016]

Correct Answer: (c) 3 February, 1900
Solution:Birsa Munda was Captured from Jhamkopai, forest in Chakradharpur (West Singhbhoom) on 3 February, 1900 and he died ambigously on 9th Jund, 1900 in prison.
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