Scientists &Inventions Part -1

21. Who is the discoverer of Penicillin? [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]

(a) Alexander Graham Bell
(b) Alexander Fleming
(c) Christopher Macdonald
(d) Albert Einstein

Correct Answer: (b) Alexander Fleming

Solution:Penicillin was discovered by Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming.

22. Alexander Fleming discovered - [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015]

(a) Penicillin
(b) X-ray
(c) Streptomycin
(d) Telephone

Correct Answer: (a) Penicillin

Solution:Penicillin was discovered by Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming.

23. What did Sir Alexander Fleming discover? [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998]

(a) Penicillin
(b) Blood Circulation
(c) Oxygen
(d) Antiseptic Medicine

Correct Answer: (a) Penicillin

Solution:Sir Alexander Fleming is best known for his accidental discovery of penicillin in 1928.

24. What did Fleming discover? [Uttarakhand Lower Sub. (Pre) 2010]

(a) Radium
(b) Penicillin
(c) Vaccine
(d) Anesthetic

Correct Answer: (b) Penicillin

Solution:Sir Alexander Fleming is best known for his accidental discovery of penicillin in 1928.

25. Match the following in the correct order: [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1992]

List-I	List-II
A. Radium	1. Alexander Fleming
B. Penicillin	2. Madam Curie
C. X-Ray	3. Edward Jenner
D. Measles	4. W.C. Roentgen

Code:	A	B	C	D
(a)	2	1	4	3
(b)	2	3	4	1
(c)	4	1	2	3
(d)	4	1	3	2

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

Correct Answer: (a)

Solution:Radium was discovered by Pierre Curie and Madam Curie in 1898. Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928. X-Ray was discovered by W.C. Roentgen in 1895, and Edward Jenner discovered the vaccine for measles (smallpox) in 1796.

26. Who among the following is the inventor of 'X' rays? [Uttarakhand U.D.A/L.D.A. (Pre) 2003]

(a) Rutherford
(b) Roentgen
(c) Maxwell
(d) Torricelli

Correct Answer: (b) Roentgen

Solution:Radium was discovered by Pierre Curie and Madam Curie in 1898. Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928. X-Ray was discovered by W.C. Roentgen in 1895, and Edward Jenner discovered the vaccine for measles (smallpox) in 1796.

27. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below: [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2016]

List-I	List-II
A. Alfred Nobel	1. Theory of Evolution
B. Alexander Fleming	2. Dynamite
C. Charles Darwin	3. Penicillin
D. Madam Curie	4. Isolation of Radium

Code:	A	B	C	D
(a)	1	2	3	4
(b)	2	3	1	4
(c)	3	1	2	4
(d)	4	3	2	1

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

Correct Answer: (b)

Solution:Alfred Bernhard Nobel was a Swedish chemist and engineer, known for inventing dynamite. Alexander Fleming, a Scottish biologist, is known for his discoveries of the enzyme lysozyme in 1923 and the antibiotic penicillin from the fungus Penicillium notatum in 1928, for which he received the Nobel Prize in 1945. Charles Darwin was an English naturalist, known for his contributions to evolutionary theory. Madam Curie was a Polish-French physicist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity.

28. The principle of 'Black hole' was enunciated by: [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2011]

(a) C.V Raman
(b) H.J. Bhabha
(c) S. Chandrashekhar
(d) H. Khurana

Correct Answer: (c) S. Chandrashekhar

Solution:Indian-American astrophysicist Subrahmanyam Chandrasekhar is best known for his theory of the 'Chandrasekhar Limit'. He used Einstein's theory of relativity and quantum physics principles to show that a white dwarf star cannot remain stable if its mass exceeds 1.44 times that of the Sun. A star exceeding this mass becomes either a neutron star or a black hole. He was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physics.

29. Arrange the following in chronological order as per their discovery and select the correct answer from the code given below: [U.P. R.O/A.R.O. (Mains) 2016]

A. Transistor
B. Diode
C. SMD (Surface Mounted Device)
D. Integrated Circuit (IC)

(a) A, B, C, D
(b) B, A, C, D
(c) B, A, D, C
(d) A, C, B, D

Correct Answer: (c) B, A, D, C

Solution:The transistor was invented in 1947 by American physicists John Bardeen and Walter Brattain while working under William Shockley at Bell Labs, USA. The three shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics for their achievement. John Ambrose Fleming invented the first working diode in 1904. Surface Mounted Device (SMD) was developed by American technology company IBM in the 1960s. Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce developed the first working integrated circuits (ICs) in 1958 and 1959, respectively.

30. Scientist S. Chandrashekhar got Nobel Prize for which field? [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996]

(a) Astrophysics
(b) Micro-electronics in Satellites
(c) Super conductivity at low temperatures
(d) Studies of Core of the sun

Correct Answer: (a) Astrophysics