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Advent of European Companies

📆 October 3, 2024

Total Questions: 50

31. Consider the following [I.A.S. (Pre) 2012]

1. Assessment of land revenue on the basis of nature of the soil and the quality of crops.
2. Use of mobile cannons in warfare.
3. Cultivation of tobacco and red chillies.
Which of the above was/were introduced into India by the English?

Correct Answer: (d) None of these
Solution:The assessment of land revenue on the basis of nature of the soil and the quality of crops was introduced during the reign of Sher Shah Suri and Akbar much before the British. The cultivation of tobacco and red chilies in India was contributed by Portuguese and mobile cannons in warfare were introduced in the Mughal Era. There were various type of cannons manufactured in the ordinance factory of Akbar. Thus none of the above was introduced into India by the English.

32. Who remarked about the East India company that "The Company is an anomaly but it is part of system where everything is an anomaly"? [U.P.P.S.C. (Pre) 2017]

Correct Answer: (b) G.B. Macaulay
Solution:Lord Thomas Babington Macaulay was British politician and historian. He was the Law Member in the Supreme Council of India and the head of the Law Commission from 1834 to 1838 AD. He had prepared the manuscript of the famous Penal Law book 'The Indian Penal Code'. He had an important role in making English the official language and medium of education of India and European Literature, Philosophy and Science the goal of Indian education. Commenting on the policies of the East India company. Macaulay said that "The company is an anomaly, but it is part of a system where everything is anomaly.

33. With reference to the Treaty of "Aix-la-Chapelle-1748" which of the following statements is/are correct? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2020]

1. The Ist Carnatic War was ended.
2. The English got back Madras.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
Codes:

Correct Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2
Solution:Austrian war of succession ended with the Treaty of "Aix-la-Chapelle- 1748". With the end of Europe's war, Ist War of Carnatic also ended and Britishers got back Madras. Hence option (c) correct.

34. With reference to "the causes of the success of British and failure of the French in India" which of the following statement is/are correct? [U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) (Re-Exam) 2016]

1. Getting huge wealth and manpower from conquest of Bengal by British.
2. Naval superiority of the British.
Select the correct answer from the code given below.

Correct Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2
Solution:There were many causes of the success of the British in India. Naval superiority, getting huge wealth and manpower from Bengal, better internal coordination among British army etc. were few of them.

After the decline of the Portuguese in India, they were relegated to Goa, Diu, and Daman. The agreement between the Dutch and the English in 1667 made the Dutch give up all their claims in India for the British stakes in Indonesia. Thus, India and Indian trade in the 18th century were left to the English East India Company (EIC) and the French EIC. From their humble beginnings in trade, both these European powers were inevitably drawn into the politics of India, resulting in nearly 20 years of Anglo-French conflict.

35. In which year Vasco-da-Gama arrived at Calicut? [Chhattisgarh P.C.S (Pre) 2024]

Correct Answer: (b) 1498 A.D.
Solution:Vasco da Gama arrived at western coast poet of Calicut on May 20, 1498 A.D. He discovered a new and alternative sea route to India and he was welcome by zamorin (Zomorin was the ancestral. title of the rulers of Calicut, the then king of Calicut. The voyage of Vasco da Gama opened the new trade dimensions of the Indo-Portuguese alliance. Vasco da Gama o earned 60 times more profit in Europe by black pepper trade from India which encouraged other Portuguese traders. The Portuguese merchants established their commercial firms in India at of Calicut, Goa, Daman, Diu and Hooghly. Francisco de Almeida came to India in 1505 as the first Portuguese Viceroy. The 'Blue Water" policy is attributed to Francisco de Almeida, the first viceroy of Portuguese possessions in India. According to Blue water policy, "The Portuguese should be the sole trade power in the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean", Albuquerque came to India in 1509 after him, as new Viceroy. He annexed Goa in 1510 form Bijapur ruler Yusuf Adil Shah. The Portuguese maintained Goa as the epicentre of their culture and entity.

36. Which of the following is/are true about Vasco Da Gama? [Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2022]

(i) Zamorin (Samuthiri) was the ruler of Calicut during Vasco Da Gama's trip to India in 1498.
(ii) In his first trip Vasco Da Gama stayed for approximately one year in India.
(iii) Vasco Da Gama revisited India in 1501.

Correct Answer: (d) Only (i)
Solution:In 1498, Vasco da Gama reached Calicut. At that time, Calicut was ruled by Zamorin (Samuthiri), who welcomed Vasco da Gama. He stayed in India for about three months and returned to Portugal with ships loaded with Indian goods. Vasco do Gama revisited India in 1502. The Chhattisgarh Public Service Commission has Identified option (c) at the correct one in its model answer key.

37. Which one of the following is connected with 'Blue Water' policy? [Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]

Correct Answer: (a) De Almeida
Solution:In 1505, the King of Portugal appointed a governor Francisco De Almeida in India for a three-year term and he was asked to consolidate the position of the Portuguese in India and to destroy Muslim trade by seizing Aden, Ormuz and Malacca.
  • Francisco de Almeida wanted that Portuguese should maintain supremacy on sea and confine their activities to purely commercial transactions and to realize his vision he implemented Blue water policy.
  • The Blue Water Policy was the fortification of Indian Ocean, not for the security but for the establishment of Portuguese business in the Indian Ocean.
  • The Blue water policy was reversed by Alfonso de Albuquerque.

38. When did Vasco-da-Gama come to India? [M.P.P.C.S (Pre) 1995]

Correct Answer: (c) 1498
Solution:In 1498, Vasco da Gama reached Calicut. At that time, Calicut was ruled by Zamorin (Samuthiri), who welcomed Vasco da Gama. He stayed in India for about three months and returned to Portugal with ships loaded with Indian goods. Vasco do Gama revisited India in 1502.

39. Who was the first Portuguese Viceroy in India? [45ᵗʰ B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2001]

Correct Answer: (c) Almeida
Solution:In 1498, Vasco da Gama reached Calicut. At that time, Calicut was ruled by Zamorin (Samuthiri), who welcomed Vasco da Gama. He stayed in India for about three months and returned to Portugal with ships loaded with Indian goods. Vasco do Gama revisited India in 1502.

40. Who among the following had welcomed Vasco da Gama at Calicut? [U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013]

Correct Answer: (c) Zamorin
Solution:In 1498, Vasco da Gama reached Calicut. At that time, Calicut was ruled by Zamorin (Samuthiri), who welcomed Vasco da Gama. He stayed in India for about three months and returned to Portugal with ships loaded with Indian goods. Vasco do Gama revisited India in 1502.
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