Nuclear physics-part (2)

Total Questions: 45

11. Radioactive element which has been found to have large reserve in India is: [Uttarakhand P.C.S. (pre) 2006]

(a) Plutonium
(b) Radium
(c) Thorium
(d) Uranium

Correct Answer: (c) Thorium

Solution:India is one country that has an abundance of an important nuclear fuel thorium. According to the Department of Atomic energy, the resource estimates of monazite ( principal source of thorium in India) are at 12.73 million tonnes in 2020.

12. Which of the following elements is not include as a nuclear fuel- [R.A.S/R.T.S (PRE) 1993]

(a) Cadmium
(b) Thorium
(c) Plutonium
(d) Uranium

Correct Answer: (a) Cadmium

Solution:Thorium, Plutonium and uranium are radioactive elements which are used as a nuclear fuel. Cadmium is not a radioactive element. Cadmium rods are used as a neutron absorber in nuclear reactor control rods and shields.

13. Identify the mineral not associated with atomic power- [Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (pre) 2003]

(a) Monazite
(b) Thorium
(c) Beryllium
(d) Chromium

Correct Answer: (d) Chromium

Solution:

(a) Monazite: Monazite is a phosphate mineral that is a significant source of thorium. Monazite is associated with atomic power.

(b) Thorium: Thorium itself is a radioactive element and a key nuclear fuel, especially in India's long-term nuclear power program. It is directly associated with atomic power.

(c) Beryllium: Beryllium is a lightweight metal with good neutron-moderating and reflecting properties. It is used in some nuclear reactors, particularly in research reactors and as a neutron multiplier in some advanced reactor designs. Therefore, beryllium has an association with atomic power.

(d) Chromium: Chromium is a metallic element primarily known for its use in alloys like stainless steel, providing corrosion resistance and hardness. Chromium has no significant direct role as a nuclear fuel, moderator, reflector, or coolant in conventional nuclear power plants.

14. Which of the following is not a fuel element? [M.P.P.C.S.(PRE) 1997]

(a) Uranium
(b) Thorium
(c) Radium
(d) Helium

Correct Answer: (d) Helium

Solution:All the radioactive elements can be used as the nuclear fuel. But, Helium is an inert gas. It does not form compound or react with any other element.

15. Which one of the following can not be used as a nuclear fuel? [U.P.PC.S. (MAINS) 2014]

(a) Uranium
(b) Thorium
(c) Calcium
(d) Plutonium

Correct Answer: (c) Calcium

Solution:The most common fissile nuclear fuels are uranium-235 and plutonium-239. Thorium is more abundant in nature than uranium. Thorium can be used as a nuclear fuel through breeding to uranium-233 (U-233). Calcium is not used as a nuclear fuel.

16. Which is not used as Atomic fuel? [Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (PRE) 2014]

(a) Uranium
(b) Thorium
(c) Plutonium
(d) Lead
(e) None of these

Correct Answer: (d) Lead

Solution:Uranium, Thorium and Plutonium All the radioactive elements can be used as the nuclear fuel/Atomic fuel.

Lead: Lead is a heavy metal known for its ability to absorb radiation, particularly gamma rays and X-rays. It is used as shielding material in nuclear facilities and for transporting radioactive materials but is not used as a nuclear fuel because it is not fissile or fertile in the context of nuclear chain reactions for energy production.

17. Enriched Uranium is- [U.P.P.C.S.(PRE0 2009 67th B.P.S.C. (pre) 2022]

(a) Uranium sticks laid in particular shell.
(b) Natural uranium in which radioactive U-235 isotope is increased artificially.
(c) Mixture of natural uranium and thorium.
(d) Chromium coated uranium sticks.

Correct Answer: (b) Natural uranium in which radioactive U-235 isotope is increased artificially.

Solution:'Enriched Uranium ' is a type of uranium in which the proportion of the uranium-235 isotope has been increased from the natural level by the process of isotope separation.

18. The principle of atomic bomb is based on- [39th B.P.S.C.(PRE) 1994]

(a) Nuclear fusion
(b) Nuclear fission
(c) Above both
(d) Above none

Correct Answer: (b) Nuclear fission

Solution:Nuclear weapon, a device designed to release energy in an explosive manner which is result of nuclear fission, nuclear fusion or a combination of the both processes. The principle of atomic bomb is based on nuclear fission while fusion weapons are referred as thermonuclear bombs or hydrogen bomb. Enriched uranium or plutonium is use as fissile material in atomic bomb.

19. Which of the following is used in the preparation of Nuclear bombs? [M.P.P.C.S.(PRE) 2014]

(a) Zirconium
(b) Uranium
(c) Molybdenum
(d) Vanadium

Correct Answer: (b) Uranium

Solution:Nuclear weapon, a device designed to release energy in an explosive manner which is result of nuclear fission, nuclear fusion or a combination of the bothe processes. The principle of atomic bomb is based on nuclear fission while fusion weapons are referred as thermonuclear bombs or hydrogen bomb. Enriched uranium or plutonium is use as fissile material in atomic bomb.

Uranium-235: This isotope of uranium is fissile and was used in the "Little Boy" bomb dropped on Hiroshima. Natural uranium contains only about 0.7% of Uranium-235, so it needs to be enriched to a much higher concentration for use in a nuclear weapon (typically 90% or more).

20. The working principle of atom bomb is nuclear fission of uranium and the working principle of hydrogen bomb is- [U.P.P.C.S. (pre) 1994]

(a) Nuclear fusion of deuterium.
(b) Nuclear fission of thorium.
(c) Explosion of bomb involving hydrogen gas
(d) Explosion involving dynamite and T.N.T.

Correct Answer: (a) Nuclear fusion of deuterium.

Solution:Hydrogen bomb's enormous explosive power results from an uncontrolled, self-sustaining chain reaction in which isotopes of hydrogen (deuterium and tritium) combined under extremely high temperature and pressure to form helium in a process known as nuclear fusion.

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Nuclear physics-part (2)