Climate Monsoon

Total Questions: 41

21. The general direction of flow of summer monsoon in India is- [U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2016]

(a) South-West winds
(b) South-East winds
(c) North-East winds
(d) North-West winds

Correct Answer: (d) North-West winds

Solution:In summer, the monsoon flows from South-West to North- East direction. During winter while retreating back, it flows from North-East to South-West direction. Maximum rainfall in India occurs due to south-west monsoon.

Some key features of the Monsoon in India are:

Seasonal Rainfall - The Monsoon in India is characterised by heavy rainfall, primarily between June and September.
Two Main Phases - It consists of the Southwest Monsoon (June to September) and the Northeast Monsoon (October to December).
Geographical Influence - The monsoon in India is influenced by the Himalayas, the Thar Desert, and the Indian Ocean, which affect wind patterns and rainfall distribution.
Diversity in Rainfall - Different regions receive varying amounts of rainfall, with coastal areas and the Western Ghats experiencing heavy precipitation, while some interior regions may receive less.
Monsoon Winds - The monsoon winds are characterised by a shift in wind direction, bringing moisture-laden winds from the southwest

22. Mansoon originates by which of the following winds in India? [U.P.R.O./A.R.O.(MAINS) 2016]

(a) South-West winds
(b) South-East winds
(c) North-East winds
(d) North-West winds

Correct Answer: (a) South-West winds

23. High temperature and low pressure over the Indian Subcontinent during the summer season draw air from the Indian Ocean leading to the in-blowing of the: [I.A.S. (Pre) 1996]

(a) South-East monsoon
(b) South-West monsoon
(c) Trade winds
(d) Westerlies

Correct Answer: (b) South-West monsoon

Solution:The south-west monsoon is responsible for most of the rainfall in India. It is caused due to high temperature and low pressure over the Indian subcontinent during the summer season which draws air from the Indian ocean.

24. Consider the Climate diagram given below: [I.A.S. (Pre) 1993]

(a) North-West region of India.
(b) South region of India
(c) Central region of India
(d) North-East region of India

Correct Answer: (d) North-East region of India

Solution:The above map depicts the climate condition of North-East region of India. The North-East region of India experiences a humid subtropical climate with heavy rainfall throughout the year, characterized by warm and humid summers, and mild to cool winters, with temperatures varying significantly depending on altitude; most areas receive over 1200mm of rainfall annually, making it one of the wettest regions in the country. The region receives a large amount of monsoon rain due to its geographical location, with most areas experiencing over 2000mm of rainfall annually. Temperatures vary greatly depending on elevation, with the plains experiencing hotter summers and milder winters compared to the higher altitude areas which can see significantly colder temperatures. High humidity is a consistent feature throughout the year, especially during the monsoon season. While not as pronounced as in other parts of India, the region experiences distinct wet and dry seasons.

25. Which one of the following is the driest place? [56th to 59th B.P.S.C.(Pre) 2015]

(a) Mumbai
(b) Delhi
(c) Leh
(d) Bengaluru

Correct Answer: (c) Leh

Solution:Among the places given in the option, Leh receives the least rainfall. It is the driest place among the four.

26. The January isotherm taken as a basis for dividing India into tropical and subtropical zones is: [I.A.S. (Pre) 1997]

(a) 21°C
(b) 18°C
(c) 12°C
(d) 15°C

Correct Answer: (b) 18°C

Solution:The January isotherm taken as the basis for driving India into tropical and subtropical zones is 18°C. Isotherms are lines on a map that connect points of equal temperature. They are used to show temperature distribution across the globe. Isotherms help to visualize and interpret the horizontal temperature distribution of an area. The distance between isotherms indicates how fast temperatures change. Maps often use isotherms to depict temperature variations, especially for specific months like January and July. Isotherms usually run parallel to the equator. Temperatures get cooler as you move toward the poles. In the Northern Hemisphere, the presence of land and ocean causes a variation in temperature. In the Southern Hemisphere there is only water, so temperature variation is less and isotherms are almost straight.

27. In the shaded area of the above map, the mean temperature for the month of July varies between : [I.A.S. (Pre) 2001]

(a) 22.5 deg °C - 25 deg °C
(b) 25 deg °C- 27.5 deg °C
(c) 27.5 deg °C - 30 deg °C
(d) 30 deg°C - 32.5 deg °C

Correct Answer: (b) 25 deg °C- 27.5 deg °C

Solution:In the shaded area of the given map, the mean temperature for the month of July varies between 25 deg °C to 27.5 deg °C

28. In which part of India is the daily range of temperature highest? [Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2011]

(a) Eastern coastal areas.
(b) Interior areas of Chhattisgarh plain
(c) Andaman island
(d) Desert areas of Rajasthan.

Correct Answer: (d) Desert areas of Rajasthan.

Solution:Desert areas of Rajasthan have the highest daily range of temperature. Daily temperature variation is one of the main features of Desert climates. Desert is hot during the day but cold during the night.

29. Which are the months for monsoon usually in Tamil Nadu? [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2005]

(a) March-April
(b) September-October
(c) November-December
(d) June-July

Correct Answer: (d) June-July

Solution:The period of October to December is referred to as North East Monsoon season over Peninsular India. It is the period of rainfall over South India, particularly in Andhra Pradesh, Rayalaseema and Tamil Nadu. This is the main rainy season in Tamil Nadu region. During this monsoon on 26 December, 2004, Tamil Nadu was struck by Tsunami. So, the answer is (d).

30. The Indian monsoon is indicated by seasonal displacement because of [39th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994]

(a) Differential temperature of land and sea
(b) Cold wind of middle Asia
(c) Excess similarity of temperature
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer: (a) Differential temperature of land and sea

Solution:The Indian monsoon is indicated by seasonal displacement because of the differential temperature of land and Sea. Some of the important concepts about the origin of Monsoon are:
(1) Thermal concept: It propounds that the primary arrival of the annual cycle of the Indian monsoon circulation is the differential heating effect of the land and the Sea.
(2) Dynamic Concept: Put forward by Flohn, according to this concept, monsoon is the result of seasonal migration of planetary winds and pressure belts.

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