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Diseases and Treatment: V Genetic Disorders

📆 November 6, 2024

Total Questions: 23

11. In humans trisomy of chromosome number 21 is responsible for: [R.A.S/R.T.S (Pre) 2018]

Correct Answer: (c) Down Syndrome
Solution:Down Syndrome, also known as trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of the third copy of chromosome 21. It is usually associated with physical growth delays, mild to moderate intellectual disability, and characteristic facial features. It is also known as Mongolian idiocy.

12. Trisomy 21 is known as: [R.A.S./ R.T.S. (Pre) 2021]

Correct Answer: (c) Down syndrome
Solution:Down Syndrome, also known as trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of the third copy of chromosome 21. It is usually associated with physical growth delays, mild to moderate intellectual disability, and characteristic facial features. It is also known as Mongolian idiocy.

13. Down syndrome is a genetic disorder, which is caused due to : [R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1999]

Correct Answer: (a) Due to changes in the number of the chromosomes
Solution:Down syndrome is a genetic disorder which is caused due to changes in the number of the chromosomes. In this, 21" pair of the chromosome are 3, instead of 2. So the chromosome group is [2x+1(chromosome number 21) 47]. This syndrome is also known as Mongolian idiocy.

14. Which one of the following is caused by the expression of a recessive gene present on sex chromosome? [I.A.S. (Pre) 1994]

Correct Answer: (c) Muscular dystrophy
Solution:Muscular dystrophy is a hereditary disease linked with X-chromosome which is derived by the execution of the ineffective genes present on X-chromosome. This moves from generation to generation.

Rheumatism: Rheumatism is a broad term encompassing various diseases that affect the joints, muscles, and other connective tissues. Rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and ankylosing spondylitis are common examples. Pain, stiffness, swelling, and inflammation in joints and muscles are common. Rheumatoid arthritis can lead to inflammation and damage to the central nervous system.

Nervous Shock: Nervous shock, also known as neurogenic shock, is a severe physiological response to trauma or a frightening event. Trauma, spinal cord injury, and certain medical conditions can trigger nervous shock. Low blood pressure, slow heart rate, dizziness, and fainting are common symptoms. Treatment involves managing the underlying cause and restoring blood flow.

Cerebral Hemorrhage: Cerebral hemorrhage, also known as a brain bleed, is bleeding within the brain tissue. Intracerebral hemorrhage (bleeding within the brain tissue) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (bleeding in the space surrounding the brain) are the main types. High blood pressure, aneurysms, and head trauma can increase the risk of cerebral hemorrhage. Headache, stroke-like symptoms, and altered consciousness are common. Treatment depends on the cause and severity of the hemorrhage and may involve surgery or medications.

15. Match List-I (Disease) with List-II (Types of disease) and select the correct answer using the codes given below: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2000]

List-IList-II
A. Haemophilia1. Deficiency disease
B. Diabetes2. Genetic disease
C. Rickets3. Hormonal disorder
D. Ringworm4. Fungal infection

 

ABCD
(a)2341
(b)2314
(c)3214
(d)3241
Correct Answer: (b)
Solution:The correctly matched lists are as follows:
List-IList-II
HaemophiliaGenetic disease
DiabetesHormonal disorder
RicketsDeficiency disease
RingwormFungal infection

16. Which one of the following sets is correctly matched? [I.A.S. (Pre) 1995]

Correct Answer: (c) Colour blindness, Haemophilia and Sickle cell anaemia - Hereditary
Solution:Diphtheria, pneumonia and leprosy are bacterial diseases. AIDS is a viral disease while syphilis and gonorrhoea are bacterial diseases, Colour blindness, haemophilia and sickle cell anaemia are hereditary diseases. Polio and Japanese B encephalitis are viral diseases, while plague is a bacterial disease.

17. In respect of women, men can suffer more of colour blindness because- [41st B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1996]

Correct Answer: (c) They have only one X-chromosome
Solution:Colour blindness is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. The genes are located on the X-chromosome which is one of the two sex chromosomes. In males (who have only one X-chromosome) one genetic change in each cell is sufficient to cause the condition. Males are affected by X-linked recessive disorders much more frequently than females (who) have two X-chromosomes) in which a genetic change would have to occur on both copies of the chromosome to cause the disorder. A characteristic of X-linked inheritance is that father cannot pass X-linked traits to their sons.

18. Which one of the following pairs is incorrectly matched? [U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]

Correct Answer: (c) Vitamin A - Colour blindness
Solution:Lack of vitamin A causes night blindness not colour blindness. Colour blindness is a genetic disease which is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. Hence, option (c) is not correctly matched.

Beriberi is a disease caused by thiamine deficiency, which affects the nervous and cardiovascular systems.

Scurvy is a condition caused by a deficiency in vitamin C, which is essential for collagen formation and wound healing.

Vitamin K plays a crucial role in blood clotting, as it is essential for the synthesis of certain proteins needed for coagulation.

19. If a colour blind man marries with normal women, then the symptoms of colour blindness is generated in: [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2009]

Correct Answer: (d) Sons of daughters
Solution:If a colour blind man marries with a normal woman, they produce normal sons and heterozygous (carrier) normal daughter. If a carrier daughter is then married to a normal husband, about 50% of their sons and daughters will inherit the recessive gene of colour blindness. The sons inheriting this gene will be colour blind and the daughters will be carriers. The remaining 50% sons and daughters will be normal.

20. A colour blind person (man) get married to a normal woman whose parents were not colour blind. The possibility of being colour blind in their children is- [Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2003]

Correct Answer: (d) 0%
Solution:If a colour blind man marries with a normal woman, they produce normal sons and heterozygous (carrier) normal daughter. If a carrier daughter is then married to a normal husband, about 50% of their sons and daughters will inherit the recessive gene of colour blindness. The sons inheriting this gene will be colour blind and the daughters will be carriers. The remaining 50% sons and daughters will be normal.
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